In chemistry, carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide (CO) into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly...
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Acetic acid (redirect from Methanol carbonylation)
methanol carbonylation long appeared to be attractive precursors to acetic acid. Henri Dreyfus at British Celanese developed a methanol carbonylation pilot...
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Oxidative carbonylation is a class of reactions that use carbon monoxide in combination with an oxidant to generate esters and carbonate esters. These...
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In biochemistry, protein carbonylation refers to oxidation of the side chains of proteins to introduce ketone (>C=O) and aldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a...
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used on a smaller scale because they require specialized equipment. Carbonylation of alcohols as illustrated by the Cativa process for the production...
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{H_{2}SO_{4}} \ (CO_{2}CH_{3})_{2}+2\ H_{2}O}}} The preparation by oxidative carbonylation has attracted interest because it requires only C1 precursors: 4 C...
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considered a VOC in the USA. Methyl acetate is produced industrially via the carbonylation of methanol as a byproduct of the production of acetic acid. Methyl...
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nonetheless. The carbonylation route involves the reduction of a Mn(I) or Mn(II) salt to the Mn(0) species in concert with carbonylation to a coordinatively...
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Carbonate ester (section Oxidative carbonylation)
reaction of an alcohol with carbon monoxide and an oxidizer (oxidative carbonylation). Other carbonate esters may subsequently be prepared by transesterification...
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which serves as a co-catalyst for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol. Hydroiodic acid is listed as a U.S. Federal DEA List I...
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Homogeneous catalysis (section Carbonylations)
rely on homogeneous catalysts. Hydroformylation, a prominent form of carbonylation, involves the addition of H and "C(O)H" across a double bond. This process...
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present in many alcoholic beverages. Isobutanol is produced by the carbonylation of propylene. Two methods are practiced industrially, hydroformylation...
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Migratory insertion (section Carbonylation)
monoxide into a metal-carbon bond to form an acyl group is the basis of carbonylation reactions, which provides many commercially useful products. Mechanistic...
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polyamides, and isocyanates are derived via acid-base catalysis. Most carbonylation processes require metal catalysts, examples include the Monsanto acetic...
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potassium acetate with benzoyl chloride. Acetic anhydride is produced by carbonylation of methyl acetate: CH3CO2CH3 + CO → (CH3CO)2O The Tennessee Eastman...
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posassium cation exchange CO with phosphine group R, also known for carbonylation of ylide. Their isolated ketenyl anion [K(PPh2(=S)CCO] is stable solid...
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Ester (section Carbonylation)
is one illustrative example. H2C=CH2 + CO + CH3OH → CH3CH2CO2CH3 The carbonylation of methanol yields methyl formate, which is the main commercial source...
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3-Pentanone (section Carbonylation route)
3-Pentanone (also known as diethyl ketone) is a simple, symmetrical dialkyl ketone. It is a colorless liquid ketone with an odor like that of acetone....
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Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol. The technology, which is similar to the Monsanto process...
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2-hydroxybenzimidazole. The parent compound is prepared by the carbonylation of 1,2-diaminobenzene. The carbonylation can be effected with carbonyldiimidazole. Like other...
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an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the...
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Raney nickel or palladium on carbon to lead into the key-step, the carbonylation of 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol. This is achieved by a PdCl2(PPh3)2 catalyst...
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DCC as the solvent. A more robust method for preparing ketenes is the carbonylation of metal-carbenes, and in situ reaction of the thus produced highly...
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carbonylation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly from hydroxyl radicals created during the production of hydrogen peroxide. Carbonylation...
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trimerisation to benzene, tetramerization to cyclooctatetraene, and carbonylation to hydroquinone: Fe(CO)5 + 4 C2H2 + 2 H2O → 2 C6H4(OH)2 + FeCO3 at basic...
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carbon monoxide rely on catalysts, notable examples being described as carbonylations. The production of acetic acid from methanol and carbon monoxide is...
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the hydrogenation of phenol. Several methods have been developed by carbonylation of butadiene. For example, the hydrocarboxylation proceeds as follows:...
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are used in a number of industrial processes, notably in catalytic carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid by the Monsanto process. It is also...
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usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide: This process...
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approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost. It is also prepared by the reaction...
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