Of the many and varied argument forms that can possibly be constructed, only very few are valid argument forms. In order to evaluate these forms, statements...

philosophy of language Analytic–synthetic distinction – Semantic distinction in philosophy Semantic argument List of valid argument forms The Cambridge...

study of the forms of reasoning in arguments and the development of standards and criteria to evaluate arguments. Deductive arguments can be valid, and...

In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true...

inference according to which all arguments of the form "(1) p, (2) if p then q, (3) therefore q" are valid, independent of what the terms p and q stand for...

a form of deductive reasoning. Deductive logic studies under what conditions an argument is valid. According to the semantic approach, an argument is...

In argumentation theory, an argumentation scheme or argument scheme is a template that represents a common type of argument used in ordinary conversation...

The Christological argument is the argument for the existence of God, which holds that if certain claims about Jesus are valid, then one should accept...

In logic and deductive reasoning, an argument is sound if it is both valid in form and has no false premises. Soundness has a related meaning in mathematical...

Such an argument is called a valid argument, for example: all men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal. For valid arguments, it is...

of an argument. In logic, validity refers to the property of an argument whereby if the premises are true then the truth of the conclusion follows by...

teleological argument (from τέλος, telos, 'end, aim, goal') also known as physico-theological argument, argument from design, or intelligent design argument, is...

In mathematics, an argument of a function is a value provided to obtain the function's result. It is also called an independent variable. For example...

parties and the prosecutor, in presenting and testing the validity of evidences. Also, argumentation scholars study the post hoc rationalizations by which...

of logic is to identify the correct (or valid) and incorrect (or fallacious) inferences. Logicians study the criteria for the evaluation of arguments...

a valid argument based on false information to substantiate the conclusion. Therefore, soundness of an argument is deemed when the assumptions of an...

(minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form: All men are mortal....

serving as norms of the logical structure of valid arguments. If an argument with true premises follows a rule of inference then the conclusion cannot be false...

reasoning other than an improper logical form. Arguments containing informal fallacies may be formally valid, but still fallacious. A special case is...

The argument from reason is a transcendental argument against metaphysical naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that...

A related fallacy is affirming the consequent. Two related valid forms of logical arguments include modus ponens (affirming the antecedent) and modus tollens...

philosophy of religion, an ontological argument is a deductive philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support of the existence...

through valid logical deduction of the evidence anyway. This argument is a form of genetic fallacy; in which the conclusion about the validity of a statement...

bad, or right or wrong) instead of its truth value. Therefore, an argument based on appeal to consequences is valid in long-term decision making (which...

fallacies are a type of incorrect argument in natural language. The source of the error is not just due to the form of the argument, as is the case for...

naturalism as logically valid are no longer reliable. The argument "raises issues of interest to epistemologists, philosophers of mind, evolutionary biologists...

above proof has a logical link broken. The proof forms a falsidical paradox; it seems to show by valid reasoning something that is manifestly false, but...

use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument. All forms of human communication can contain fallacies. Because of their...

may not affect the truth of the conclusion, since validity and truth are separate in formal logic. While a logical argument is a non sequitur if, and...

external validity can be described using qualitative or quantitative forms of causal notation. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal...