The Lower Saxon Circle (German: Niedersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It covered much of the territory of the...

imperial circles as part of the Imperial Reform: the Bavarian Circle the Franconian Circle the Saxon Circle the Swabian Circle the Upper Rhenish Circle the...

the creation of the imperial circles in 1500, a Lower Saxon Circle was distinguished from a Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. The latter included the following...

Electorate itself remained officially Protestant. Entries are listed by Imperial Circle (introduced 1500, 1512) even for territories that ceased to exist prior...

Louis the German, Altfrid founded Essen Abbey. During the reign of the Saxon Ottonian dynasty Hildesheim, together with the neighbouring bishoprics of...

Frisians and Saxons, which would later comprise the Duchy of Saxony (est. 806), the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (1500), and the Lower Saxon Circle (1512)...

maintained neutrality, as did most of the Protestant territories in the Lower Saxon Circle, a fiscal and military subsection of the Holy Roman Empire. The neighbouring...

Holstein-Glückstadt or Schleswig-Holstein-Glückstadt is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies...

northern border of the Carolingian Empire, after Emperor Charlemagne upon the Saxon Wars reached an agreement with King Hemming of Denmark in 811. The lands...

triplum. The figures for the contingents to be supplied by each Imperial Circle were little altered until the demise of the Empire. In practice, they were...

Mecklenburg-Güstrow, the daughter of Gustav Adolph. The emissaries of the Lower Saxon Circle finally negotiated a compromise on March 8, 1701. The agreement created...

and the German Empire, commonly called Lower Saxony between the 14th and 17th centuries Lower Saxon Circle (1500–1806), a tax levying and army recruitment...

Christian: surrender all imperial offices, surrender his bishoprics in the Lower Saxon Circle, buy out his provinces of Holstein, Schleswig and Jutland from the...

Germany-wide standing. In 1500 Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel became part of the Lower Saxon Circle within the Holy Roman Empire. From 1519 to 1523 the principality went...

was a mediaeval statelet of the Holy Roman Empire. It was ruled by the Saxon comital House of Regenstein, named after their residence at Regenstein Castle...

Christian IV of Denmark from having access to Kassel and to protect the Lower Saxon Circle. The Imperial German forces of Albrecht von Wallenstein handily defeated...

extinct. In 1701, with the endorsement of the Imperial state of the Lower Saxon Circle, the Treaty of Hamburg (1701) was signed and the final division of...

the latter of his functions – by the Lower Saxon Circle's member territories commander-in-chief of the Lower Saxon troops. More troops were recruited and...

designated as Saxon Circle, while the Wettin-ruled Saxon electorate and duchies at that time formed the Upper Saxon Circle. The naming of Lower Saxony became...

Sa vie et ses moeurs. Extraits der notes et ..." pgs 411-412 etc. Map of Lower Saxony 1789 Royalty guide - Braunschweig Royalty guide - Braunschweig-Lüneburg...

Dutch Low Saxon (Nederlaands Leegsaksies [ˈneːdərlaːnts ˈleːxsɑksis] or Nederlaands Nedersaksies; Dutch: Nederlands Nedersaksisch) are the Low Saxon dialects...

member of the Lower Saxon Circle and part of the League. The same applied to the Spanish Netherlands, a member of the Burgundian Circle, but not the Kingdom...

them in his Duchy of Holstein (in the Lower Saxon Circle of the Holy Roman Empire) and persuaded the other Lower Saxon rulers to make him the commander of...

Sweden a vote in the Imperial Diet and enabled it to "direct" the Lower Saxon Circle alternately with Brandenburg. France and Sweden, moreover, became...

Danish troops under King Christian IV, who was then commander of the Lower Saxon Circle, was defeated by the general of the Catholic League, Tilly in the...

Verden Kassel Wolfenbüttel With Saxony dominating the Upper Saxon Circle and Brandenburg the Lower, both kreise had remained neutral during the campaigns in...

Lübeck maintained neutrality, as did most of the territories in the Lower Saxon Circle. After 1613 King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway, being in personal...

The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern...

split off from Oldenburg and no bishop was appointed after 1066. After the Saxon count Henry of Badewide had campaigned in the Wagrian lands east of the...

was also banned from emitting representatives to the Diet of the Lower Saxon Circle. What could not be foreseen at the time of the peace was that the...