p-value, the q-value gives the expected pFDR obtained by rejecting the null hypothesis for any result with an equal or smaller q-value. In statistics,...

ionizing radiation dosimetry Q factor (bicycles), the width between where a bicycle's pedals attach to the cranks q-value (statistics), the minimum false discovery...

points. q-quantiles are values that partition a finite set of values into q subsets of (nearly) equal sizes. There are q − 1 partitions of the q-quantiles...

In statistics, Dixon's Q test, or simply the Q test, is used for identification and rejection of outliers. This assumes normal distribution and per Robert...

In statistics, a Q–Q plot (quantile–quantile plot) is a probability plot, a graphical method for comparing two probability distributions by plotting their...

theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment)...

variable which takes the value 1 with probability p {\displaystyle p} and the value 0 with probability q = 1 − p {\displaystyle q=1-p} . Less formally, it...

In mathematical statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle...

In probability and statistics, the quantile function is a function Q : [ 0 , 1 ] ↦ R {\displaystyle Q:[0,1]\mapsto \mathbb {R} } which maps some probability...

extreme values of the set of numbers. There are several kinds of means (or "measures of central tendency") in mathematics, especially in statistics. Each...

In statistics, the Q-function is the tail distribution function of the standard normal distribution. In other words, Q ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)} is the...

synonymous with mathematical statistics. The term statistic, in singular form, is used to describe a function that returns its value of the same name. When...

In statistics, the kth order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its kth-smallest value. Together with rank statistics, order statistics are...

first quartile value (Q1) from the third quartile value (Q3): IQR = Q 3 − Q 1 = 75 ∘ F − 66 ∘ F = 9 ∘ F . {\displaystyle {\text{IQR}}=Q_{3}-Q_{1}=75^{\circ...

The first quartile ( Q {\displaystyle Q} 1) is defined as the middle data point or value that is halfway between the smallest value (minimum) and the median...

In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values. If X is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value x at which...

typical values must be analyzed. The Interquartile Range (IQR), defined as the difference between the upper and lower quartiles ( Q 3 − Q 1 {\textstyle Q_{3}-Q_{1}}...

reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics. Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts. The median...

In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element...

outside the range: [ Q 1 − k ( Q 3 − Q 1 ) , Q 3 + k ( Q 3 − Q 1 ) ] {\displaystyle {\big [}Q_{1}-k(Q_{3}-Q_{1}),Q_{3}+k(Q_{3}-Q_{1}){\big ]}} for some...

question, and each with its own Boolean-valued outcome: success (with probability p) or failure (with probability q = 1 − p). A single success/failure experiment...

In probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its...

and statistics, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions developed within extreme value theory...

statistics, a credible interval is an interval used to characterize a probability distribution. It is defined such that an unobserved parameter value...

the nominal value Q {\displaystyle Q} of a quantity, such as wages or total production, to obtain its real value. The real value is the value expressed...

with: "p-values and significance tests, when properly applied and interpreted, increase the rigor of the conclusions drawn from data". In statistics, every...

of events, where each value is a count of an event's frequency: Yule's Q is given by: Q = a d − b c a d + b c   . {\displaystyle Q={\frac {ad-bc}{ad+bc}}\...

are positive with probability 1 under Q {\displaystyle Q} . From this angle, the main innovation of the e-value compared to traditional testing is to...

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of the values of a variable about its mean. A low standard deviation indicates...

with the IQR the normalized value gets less sensitive for extreme values in the target variable. R M S D I Q R = R M S D I Q R {\displaystyle \mathrm {RMSDIQR}...