In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a trapdoor function is a function that is easy to compute in one direction, yet difficult to compute...

mills, however, its list of uses has grown over time. The trapdoor has played a pivotal function in the operation of the gallows, cargo ships, trains, booby...

existence of one-way functions. A trapdoor one-way function or trapdoor permutation is a special kind of one-way function. Such a function is hard to invert...

based on a trapdoor function whose security, like that of RSA, is related to the difficulty of integer factorization. The Rabin trapdoor function has the...

variant of the learning with errors lattice problem as its basic trapdoor function. It won the NIST competition for the first post-quantum cryptography...

In cryptography, a pseudorandom function family, abbreviated PRF, is a collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle in...

collision resistant" hash functions; it was employed to construct general digital signature schemes without trapdoor functions, and also within chosen-ciphertext...

plaintext prior to asymmetric encryption. When combined with any secure trapdoor one-way permutation f {\displaystyle f} , this processing is proved in...

In cryptography, a sponge function or sponge construction is any of a class of algorithms with finite internal state that take an input bit stream of any...

or 1 depending on whether pi divides cs mod p. The security of the trapdoor function relies on the difficulty of the following multiplicative knapsack...

Key management Key size Public-key cryptography Rabin cryptosystem Trapdoor function Namely, the values of m which are equal to −1, 0, or 1 modulo p while...

attack on cryptographic hash functions tries to find a message that has a specific hash value. A cryptographic hash function should resist attacks on its...

schemes. The first such scheme which is not built on trapdoor functions but rather on a family of function with a much weaker required property of one-way...

secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block...

similar operations, and both consist of iteratively running a function called a "round function" a fixed number of times. Many modern symmetric block ciphers...

a single key pair for one user. Choose an approved cryptographic hash function H {\displaystyle H} with output length | H | {\displaystyle |H|} bits....

{\displaystyle e={\textrm {HASH}}(m)} . (Here HASH is a cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-2, with the output converted to an integer.) Let z {\displaystyle...

m {\displaystyle m} of G {\displaystyle G} using a reversible mapping function. Choose an integer y {\displaystyle y} randomly from { 1 , … , q − 1 }...

cryptographic hash function is computed, and only the resulting hash is digitally signed. Cryptographic hash functions are functions that take a variable-length...

secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block...

{\displaystyle \mu =(L(g^{\lambda }{\bmod {n}}^{2}))^{-1}{\bmod {n}}} , where function L {\displaystyle L} is defined as L ( x ) = x − 1 n {\displaystyle L(x)={\frac...

cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend against...

Skein is a cryptographic hash function and one of five finalists in the NIST hash function competition. Entered as a candidate to become the SHA-3 standard...

secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network Mathematics Cryptographic hash function Block...

MAC functions are similar to cryptographic hash functions, they possess different security requirements. To be considered secure, a MAC function must...

g, ga mod p, and gb mod p. Such a function that is easy to compute but hard to invert is called a one-way function. Once Alice and Bob compute the shared...

the same hash value. The hash value in this case is derived from a hash function which takes a data input and returns a fixed length of bits. Although hash...

type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously...

the strength that a cryptographic primitive — such as a cipher or hash function — achieves. Security level is usually expressed as a number of "bits of...

non-malleability is achieved through the use of a universal one-way hash function and additional computations, resulting in a ciphertext which is twice as...