In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, existing substituent groups on the aromatic ring influence the overall reaction rate or have a directing...

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced...

protecting groups can be used to prevent electrophilic aromatic substitution. They can also be installed as directing groups to affect the position where a substitution...

Regioselectivity is strongly affected by substituents on aromatic rings (see electrophilic aromatic substitution). For example, nitration of nitrobenzene...

Directed ortho metalation (DoM) is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho-...

trifluoromethyl groups to chemical compounds is actively pursued in academic research. The first to investigate trifluoromethyl groups in relationship...

contrast to Electrophilic aromatic substitution where regioselectivity is governed by electronic effects. The synthetic importance of aromatic C–H borylation...

exchange from 2-bromothiazole. Electrophilic aromatic substitution at C5 but require activating groups such as a methyl group, as illustrated in bromination:...

Electrophilic fluorination is the combination of a carbon-centered nucleophile with an electrophilic source of fluorine to afford organofluorine compounds...

assistance from the meta-directing group influencing the positioning of the incoming substituent. For example, the electrophilic aromatic nitration of 1-methyl-3-nitrobenzene...

electrophilic aromatic substitution. Trimethylsilyl, tert-butyl, and isopropyl groups can form stable carbocations, hence are ipso directing groups....

Taking the well-known Friedel–Craft electrophilic aromatic substitution as example, electron donating groups direct the electrophile to ortho-/para-position...

large excess using the cheaper pinacolborane: Unlike in ordinary electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) where electronic effects dominate, the regioselectivity...

takes the form of 3 main steps shown below; Forming of a π-complex The electrophilic Br-Br molecule interacts with electron-rich alkene molecule to form...

undesired side reactions with electrophilic attack, isomerization or catalytic hydration. For alkenes two protecting groups are basically known: Temporary...

functional groups are electron withdrawing, during an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of nitration, substituents are directed to a meta position...

which is treated with a mixture of iodine and nitric acid in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. The resulting mixture of o and p-iodotoluene is then...

a type of fluorination reaction, complementary to nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches. It involves the reaction of an independently generated carbon-centered...

to increased electrophilicity with lower pKa and increased nucleophile strength with higher pKa. More basic/nucleophilic functional groups desire to attack...

caused by this protonation. The most reactive position on indole for electrophilic aromatic substitution is C3, which is 1013 times more reactive than benzene...

toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. The enhanced nucleophilicity is attributed to donation pi electron density from O into the ring. Many groups can...

Reactions of benzoic acid can occur at either the aromatic ring or at the carboxyl group. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction will take place mainly...

nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction) or unfunctionalized arenes in the presence of a Brønsted or Lewis acid (an electrophilic aromatic substitution...

formation of this highly electrophilic species drives the formation of the Wheland intermediate, a key step in the electrophilic aromatic addition mechanism...

developed. Generally, such methods are classified into two classes. Electrophilic fluorination rely on sources of "F+". Often such reagents feature N–F...

distinguished for three chemical groups. With electrophiles, electrophilic substitution takes place where pyridine expresses aromatic properties. With nucleophiles...

the leaving group, usually a proton, is split off and the aromaticity is restored. An alternative to aromatic substitution is electrophilic aliphatic substitution...

amines to form C-N bonds, ether linked dimers, or C-C bonds via electrophilic aromatic substitution at the methylium. The reaction of the ruthenocenylmethylium...

In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains...

is complementary to electrophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SRNAr)...