see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages...

world. Final obstruent devoicing is the full devoicing of final obstruents that occurs for some AAVE speakers in Detroit where obstruents are devoiced at...

Characteristics not shared with either Old Saxon or Old High German Final obstruent devoicing. This later spread to the other Germanic dialects (as well as...

Frisian has final obstruent devoicing and so voiced obstruents are merged with the voiceless obstruents at the end of words. Thus, word-final /b, d, v,...

grammatical consequences – as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and (similar) word order. Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic;...

regional pronunciation differences. Catalan is characterized by final-obstruent devoicing, lenition, and voicing assimilation; a set of 7 to 8 phonemic...

dialects is pronounced /dʒ/ in standard Valencian. Voiced obstruents undergo final-obstruent devoicing: /b/ > [p], /d/ > [t], /ɡ/ > [k]. Voiced stops become...

One very common example of a surface filter is final-obstruent devoicing in which a voiced obstruent at the end of a word is automatically converted...

writes Србија/Srbija "Serbia" but српски/srpski "Serbian". The final-obstruent devoicing that occurs in many languages (such as German, Polish and Russian)...

case with the final-obstruent devoicing of German, Turkish, Russian, and other languages whose voiced obstruent consonants are devoiced pre-pausa and...

(pronounced the same, an orthographic change), *-D-, *-j- > *-d-. Final-obstruent devoicing of *-b, *-d, and *-g to *-p, *-t, *-k, except in the case of *-D...

plosion, nasal plosion, partial devoicing of sonorants, complete devoicing of sonorants, partial devoicing of obstruents, lengthening and shortening vowels...

sometimes mistaken as "Life Is Life": Standard German phonology has final-obstruent devoicing, so that the word "live" sounds like "life". After having released...

orthography reflects final-obstruent devoicing, a form of consonant mutation whereby a voiced obstruent, such as /b d dʒ ɡ/, is devoiced to [p t tʃ k] at...

See Dutch orthography for more information. Because of regular final-obstruent devoicing, the past participle ending is pronounced with a voiceless /t/...

terms, follow the links on the headings. Notes: All obstruents underwent final-obstruent devoicing as in Old and Modern Dutch. During the first part of...

Standard German, final-obstruent devoicing does not occur and so speakers are more likely to retain the original pronunciation of word-final lenes (although...

Nervosität have /v/), naiv "naïve" (this word follows the rule of final obstruent devoicing, its forms and derivatives have /v/: Naive, Naivität), brav "brave"...

of word-final /z/. Only Old High German preserves it at all (as /r/) and only in single-syllable words. Following the later loss of word-final /a/ and...

"party, feast"), tchestea (Fr. château "castle"), and so on. Final obstruent devoicing: rodje "red" is pronounced exactly as rotche "rock". Nasal vowels...

the ⟨tz⟩ spelling. Also due to final-obstruent devoicing, word-final instances of /dʒ/ would devoice to /tʃ/ (such as final -⟨ig⟩: puig 'hill', mig 'half')...

languages like French or Czech). Maltese has final-obstruent devoicing of voiced obstruents and word-final voiceless stops have no audible release, making...

Phonemic devoicing like this (which may be marked in spelling) has been argued to be conditioned by the presence of another voiced obstruent. Another...

realised as a [t] (closer to the Arabic ت) which follows Afrikaans Final-obstruent devoicing principles. Ahmad ibn Hanbal, (780–855) was an Arab Muslim jurist...

Midslands it is the only dialect of Dutch which does not feature final obstruent devoicing. Jansen, Mathilde, and Marc van Oostendorp, Taal van de Wadden...

The Kerkrade dialect features final-obstruent devoicing, which means that the underlying /b, d, ɡ, v, z, ʒ, ɣ/ are devoiced to [p, t, k, f, s, ʃ, χ ~ ç]...

fortition of fricative [s] to affricate [ts]. Consonant mutation Final-obstruent devoicing Grimm's law Historical linguistics Sesotho nasalization Carr,...

(except for the exceptions above) No /b, d͡ʒ, d, ɟ, ɡ/ in coda (see Final-obstruent devoicing), except for some recent loanwords such as psikolog and some contrasting...

The second element corresponds to Middle High German wîc, with final-obstruent devoicing, as in Ludewic. The Middle Dutch form is wijch (modern Dutch wijg;...

apgabals [ˈabɡabals] or labs [ˈlaps]. Latvian does not feature final-obstruent devoicing. Consonants can be long (written as double consonants) mamma [ˈmamːa]...