• networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the group of...
    6 KB (1,037 words) - 05:23, 1 July 2025
  • mostly equivalent to the data link layer plus physical layer in OSI. This particular layer has several unique security vulnerabilities that can be exploited...
    12 KB (1,500 words) - 18:09, 12 March 2024
  • Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet. The...
    178 KB (17,519 words) - 16:00, 8 July 2025
  • Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol providing security to datagram-based applications by allowing them to communicate...
    16 KB (1,472 words) - 16:06, 28 January 2025
  • Messaging Layer Security (MLS) is a security layer for end-to-end encrypting messages. It is maintained by the MLS working group of the Internet Engineering...
    8 KB (629 words) - 23:54, 24 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for OSI model
    complete data link layer that provides both error correction and flow control by means of a selective-repeat sliding-window protocol. Security, specifically...
    54 KB (5,624 words) - 01:40, 3 July 2025
  • because the breaking of WEP had left Wi-Fi networks without viable link-layer security, and a solution was required for already deployed hardware. However...
    13 KB (1,599 words) - 12:53, 4 July 2025
  • In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing...
    5 KB (636 words) - 07:58, 28 February 2025
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    communication protocol is encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or, formerly, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The protocol is therefore also referred...
    42 KB (4,314 words) - 21:55, 12 July 2025
  • the link types. Such protocols belong to the link layer. Internet-layer protocols use IP-based packets. A common design aspect in the internet layer is...
    6 KB (1,093 words) - 20:05, 4 November 2024
  • This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol...
    11 KB (970 words) - 22:41, 17 February 2025
  • the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the internet layer, providing...
    59 KB (6,894 words) - 03:02, 14 July 2025
  • Internet security systems in widespread use operate above the network layer, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) that operates above the transport layer and...
    44 KB (5,337 words) - 03:03, 15 May 2025
  • DNS over TLS (category Transport Layer Security)
    is a network security protocol for encrypting and wrapping Domain Name System (DNS) queries and answers via the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol...
    15 KB (1,433 words) - 21:28, 5 June 2025
  • Zigbee (redirect from Zigbee Light Link)
    pre-installation), as the security of the whole network depends on it. Link and master keys are only visible to the application layer. Different services use...
    38 KB (4,744 words) - 20:07, 2 July 2025
  • to several Security Support Providers (SSPs): A Security Support Provider is a dynamic-link library (DLL) that makes one or more security packages available...
    7 KB (748 words) - 00:41, 18 March 2025
  • In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery...
    15 KB (1,845 words) - 15:04, 21 June 2025
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    that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). In this context, virtual refers to a physical object recreated...
    20 KB (2,720 words) - 14:25, 15 July 2025
  • The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol provides the ability to secure communications across or inside networks. This comparison of TLS implementations...
    135 KB (4,833 words) - 13:14, 18 March 2025
  • Medina (2003). The Weakest Security Link Series (1st ed.). IUniverse. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-595-26494-0. "What is Layer 7? How Layer 7 of the Internet Works"...
    10 KB (1,065 words) - 18:50, 5 July 2025
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    HTTP (category Application layer protocols)
    also supported by major web servers over Transport Layer Security (TLS) using an Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) extension where TLS 1.2...
    61 KB (7,794 words) - 11:04, 23 June 2025
  • MANs and wide area networks 802 Link Security 802 overall network management protocol layers above the MAC and LLC layers The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards...
    35 KB (1,283 words) - 21:28, 30 May 2025
  • ISBN 978-0-470-17560-6. CCNA Exploration 4.0 5.0 Routing Protocols and Concepts Student Lab Manual. Cisco Press. The ISO model is used for layer names....
    24 KB (124 words) - 20:21, 10 July 2025
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    OpenSSL (category Transport Layer Security implementation)
    Tuexen; M. Williams (February 2012). Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Heartbeat Extension. Internet Engineering...
    65 KB (5,549 words) - 07:46, 28 June 2025
  • In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the presentation layer is layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network. It is sometimes...
    7 KB (787 words) - 02:45, 4 July 2025
  • such as a home DSL link. Where the transport layer is not physically secure a system such as TLS or Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is used instead...
    4 KB (493 words) - 04:16, 28 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for IEEE 802
    layers (data link and physical) of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model. IEEE 802 divides the OSI data link layer...
    7 KB (485 words) - 21:26, 6 July 2025
  • Transport Layer Security Channel ID (TLS Channel ID, previously known as Transport Layer Security – Origin Bound Certificates TLS-OBC) is a draft RFC...
    2 KB (201 words) - 16:22, 4 January 2022
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    GnuTLS (category Transport Layer Security implementation)
    GnuTLS (/ˈɡnuː ˌtiː ˌɛl ˈɛs/, the GNU Transport Layer Security Library) is a free software implementation of the TLS, SSL and DTLS protocols. It offers...
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  • ALTS (category Transport Layer Security)
    Application Layer Transport Security (ALTS) is a Google-developed authentication and transport encryption system used for securing remote procedure call...
    7 KB (734 words) - 21:30, 16 February 2025