statistical mechanics, loop integrals are the integrals which appear when evaluating the Feynman diagrams with one or more loops by integrating over the...

A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller or three-term controller) is a feedback-based control loop mechanism commonly used to manage...

dimensional analysis and the absence of any inherent mass scale in the loop integral). Tadpole corrections are needed if the corresponding external field...

A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback...

parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. It is named after Julian Schwinger, who...

and Dominique Rivier. In this treatment, a divergence arising from a loop integral (such as vacuum polarization or electron self-energy) is modulated by...

parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. However, it is sometimes useful in integration...

to obtain a Feynman's path integral (functional integration) description of quantum gravity. It is closely related to loop quantum gravity. The Hamiltonian...

In physics, a one-loop Feynman diagram is a connected Feynman diagram with only one cycle (unicyclic). Such a diagram can be obtained from a connected...

The Fresnel integrals S(x) and C(x) are two transcendental functions named after Augustin-Jean Fresnel that are used in optics and are closely related...

feeding back the selected output to the integral circuit of all controllers in the selection scheme so that a closed loop is maintained. "Microchip Application...

freedom. Showing that QCD is renormalizable at one-loop order requires the evaluation of loop integrals, which can be derived from Feynman rules and evaluated...

the infrared divergences coming from loop integrals are canceled by IR divergences coming from phase space integrals. It was introduced independently by...

In electrical signalling an analog current loop is used where a device must be monitored or controlled remotely over a pair of conductors. Only one current...

nuclear power field, an integral reactor is a nuclear reactor design principle where the reactor core, primary cooling loop, steam generators and any...

x^{-1}} , as it should. Suppose one wishes to dimensionally regularize a loop integral which is logarithmically divergent in four dimensions, like I = ∫ d...

circuit. It is defined as the surface integral of the magnetic field over a surface Σ(t), whose boundary is the wire loop: Φ B = ∬ Σ ( t ) B ( t ) ⋅ d A ,...

no external lines at all. The reason loop diagrams are called loop diagrams is because the number of k-integrals that are left undetermined by momentum...

An integral, or intrinsic, membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane...

}} . The nonadiabatic coupling can be used to define a loop integral, analogous to a Wilson loop (1974) in field theory, developed independently for molecular...

\gamma } a rectifiable simple loop in U ¯ {\textstyle {\overline {U}}} . The Cauchy integral theorem leads to Cauchy's integral formula and the residue theorem...

mathematics, an integral domain is a nonzero commutative ring in which the product of any two nonzero elements is nonzero. Integral domains are generalizations...

can be stated in one sentence: The line integral of a vector field over a loop is equal to the surface integral of its curl over the enclosed surface....

notebooks often make use of hook-and-loop fasteners. Cloth diapers often make use of hook-and-loop fasteners. It is an integral part of games such as tag rugby...

common general-purpose controller using a control-loop feedback mechanism is a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Heuristically, the terms...

maintains the conservation of the vector current in the definition of the loop integral, and places the anomaly in the axial current. This is known as the "covariant...

integration to obtain a Feynman's path integral description of quantum gravity. These structures are employed in loop quantum gravity as a version of quantum...

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input...

}}=I_{\mathrm {b} },} where the integral is a line integral over any closed loop and Ib is the bound current enclosed by that closed loop. In the magnetic pole...

In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve embedded in the field. In fluid dynamics, the field is the fluid velocity...