adjust the stiffness of their limbs. This is accomplished via the co-contraction of antagonistic muscle groups. Humans use neural control along with the...

Orthotics Neural control of limb stiffness Powered exoskeleton Pneumatic Artificial Muscles Ferris, D.P. and Lewis, C.L.: “Robotic Lower Limb Exoskeletons...

environment also affect behavioral dynamics as seen in by the Neural control of limb stiffness. There are several mathematical models that describe how the...

with a higher degree of proprioceptive feedback from muscle spindles were able to better control the movement of a virtual limb. Proprioceptive feedback...

a biologically accurate gait to a person with a loss of limb. This is a special branch of control that has an emphasis on the interaction between humans...

with the stiffness of the tongue; in other words, during the speech production the relevant parameter is the quality of speech, while the stiffness is rather...

orchestrating the movement of the limb segments that make up a single limb. This coordination can be achieved by controlling/restricting the joint trajectories...

artificial limb exposed. In addition to new materials, the use of electronics has become very common in artificial limbs. Myoelectric limbs, which control the...

of motion, or partial paralysis, and/or changes to the skin and bones. It may initially affect one limb and then spread throughout the body; 35% of affected...

body movement. In vertebrates, limb movement and velocity (muscle length and the rate of change) are encoded by one group of sensory neurons (type Ia sensory...

interventions for the paretic upper limb of stroke survivors: a critical review". Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 17 (4): 220–6. doi:10.1177/0888439003259415...

Principles of Neural Science. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-8385-7701-1. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM, eds. (2000). "Ch. 39: The control of gaze"...

"An Assistive Control Approach for a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton to Facilitate Recovery of Walking Following Stroke". IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and...

prosthetic devices currently in the making will control knee movement and the other will control the stiffness of an ankle joint. As mentioned before Herr and...

as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles. Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive...

lower limbs. A person may experience difficult gait or limb stiffness in the early stages of the disease. Iliopsoas muscle is the first group of muscles...

and Neural Repair. 30 (4): 373–83. doi:10.1177/1545968315597070. PMID 26216790. S2CID 35067172. Winter DA (2009). Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human...

a motor task, like reaching for an object, neural commands are sent to motor neurons to activate a set of muscles, called muscle synergies. Given which...

refers to the directed movement of cell motility via mechanical cues (e.g., fluidic shear stress, substrate stiffness gradients, etc.). In response to...

without the need of an active control capable to simulate different stiffness values. The idea of varying the mechanical impedance of actuation comes directly...

diseases. ALS often presents in its early stages with gradual muscle stiffness, twitches, weakness, and wasting. Motor neuron loss typically continues...

i.e. movement. Peripheral structures may include skeletal muscles and neural connections with muscle tissues. Central structures include cerebral cortex...

preparations of animals to study neural control. Deafferentation involves transecting the dorsal roots of the spinal cord that innervate the animal's limbs, which...

An echo state network (ESN) is a type of reservoir computer that uses a recurrent neural network with a sparsely connected hidden layer (with typically...

side-to-side motion of the animal is at the biomechanical resonant frequency set by the insect's weight and spring stiffness of the combined legs. This...

Injection in Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials". JBJS Reviews. 8...

swelling around the back of the ankle. The pain is typically worse at the start of exercise and decreases thereafter. Stiffness of the ankle may also be...

advancing an emerging field of engineering science that applies principles of biomechanics and neural control to guide the designs of human rehabilitation and...

over the stiff limb or limbs with each step. This applies regardless of the usable number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight, or more limbs, walk...

"Running over rough terrain reveals limb control for intrinsic stability". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (42): 15681–15686. Bibcode:2006PNAS...