Under the Noerr–Pennington doctrine, private entities are immune from liability under the antitrust laws for attempts to influence the passage or enforcement...

purpose." In two 1960s decisions collectively known as forming the Noerr-Pennington doctrine, the Court established that the right to petition prohibited the...

Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight Inc. and United Mine Workers v. Pennington), the Supreme Court had created the Noerr–Pennington doctrine. Because of the...

considered legal under the Noerr-Pennington doctrine. Also, regulations by states may be immune under the Parker immunity doctrine. Professional Real Estate...

the Noerr-Pennington doctrine does not require a finding of Parker state action. If the government "action" taken is the result of petitioning, Noerr-Pennington...

component. Judgement declined to accept Edwards' application of Noerr–Pennington doctrine to dismiss Hoffman's anti competition counterclaim. In June 2022...

companies were immune from antitrust liability under the Noerr-Pennington and Parker immunity doctrines. The wholesalers were challenging two sections of the...

"Survival of the Common Law Abuse of Process Tort in the Face of a Noerr-Pennington Defense". University of Chicago Law Review. 65 (2). University of Chicago...

the US Supreme Court in which the Court articulated the fighting words doctrine, a limitation of the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech....

Amendment remained in force: advocacy of law violation, even as an abstract doctrine, could be punished under law consistent with the free speech clause. The...

which is applicable to state and local governments under the incorporation doctrine, prevents only government restrictions on speech, not restrictions imposed...

The government speech doctrine, in American constitutional law, says that the government is not infringing the free speech rights of individual people...

prohibit "advocacy of the forcible overthrow of the government as an abstract doctrine". The Court recognized that "advocacy to action" circumstances would be...

erroneous doctrine of Government." Gitlow was later briefly elected General Secretary of the American Communist Party in 1929. The Court used the doctrine first...

public funds derived by state or local taxation to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals, and also...

use of scarce broadcasting frequencies. As a result, the FCC's Fairness Doctrine was found to be constitutional. In November 1964, Pennsylvania radio station...

its actual purpose in enacting the statute was to promote the religious doctrine of "creation science". An Arkansas District Court previously held in a...

action caused by speech that government officials find inappropriate. This doctrine was solidified by the Supreme Court ruling in Brandenburg v. Ohio in 1969...

speech that qualify for First Amendment protection. The commercial speech doctrine, outlining acceptable and unacceptable government restrictions on ads based...

statute. So the films are not admissible as evidence under the plain view doctrine, which requires that the character of the object is "immediately apparent"...

failing to distinguish between advocacy of forcible overthrow as an abstract doctrine and advocacy of action to that end, the District Court appears to have...

(1878), Scalia wrote, "To permit this would be to make the professed doctrines of religious belief superior to the law of the land, and in effect to...

to the Establishment Clause, rather than reshaping Establishment Clause doctrine to accommodate legislative prayer. For my purposes, however, I must begin...

491 U.S. at 403. Post, Robert (July 1995). "Recuperating First Amendment Doctrine". Stanford Law Review. 47 (7): 1249–1281. doi:10.2307/1229192. JSTOR 1229192...

basis of Congress' or our own notions of mere "reasonableness." Such a doctrine waters down the First Amendment so that it amounts to little more than...

being unconstitutional. The case also established the preferred position doctrine, which states that "[f]reedom of press, freedom of speech, [and] freedom...

held that the nexus need merely be reasonable. The court also merged its doctrine of time-place-manner restrictions and the O'Brien test into an intermediate...

restriction on lawyer advertising under the First Amendment's commercial speech doctrine. The Court's decision was the first time it did so since Bates v. State...

the affairs of men". However, in Moore's view this did not violate the doctrine of separation of church and state; as the presiding judge later summarized...

1305 was an unconstitutional violation of due-process rights. Since Court doctrine holds that if it is possible to construe a statute in a way that avoids...