Polarization gradient cooling (PG cooling), or Sisyphus cooling, is a technique in laser cooling of atoms by dampening the motion of the trapped particles...

In ultra-low-temperature physics, Sisyphus cooling, the Sisyphus effect, or polarization gradient cooling involves the use of specially selected laser...

Doppler cooling Gray molasses Magneto-optical trap Polarization gradient cooling Sub-Doppler cooling Hänsch, T. W.; Schawlow, A. L. (1975). "Cooling of gases...

also has polarization gradient. Other methods of sub-Doppler cooling include evaporative cooling, free space Raman cooling, Raman side-band cooling, resolved...

states where polarization gradient cooling would not work. Sub-Doppler cooling methods include: Sisyphus cooling Polarization gradient cooling Resolved sideband...

Gray molasses is a method of sub-Doppler laser cooling of atoms. It employs principles from Sisyphus cooling in conjunction with a so-called "dark" state...

kinetic after having emitted a photon; sub-Doppler cooling (such as polarization gradient cooling), which can achieve temperatures well below the Doppler...

the level of a few microkelvin. There are two types of polarization, called E-mode (or gradient-mode) and B-mode (or curl mode). This is in analogy to...

magneto-optical traps, Doppler cooling, polarization gradient cooling, Raman cooling, resolved sideband cooling, and evaporative cooling. If the periodic potential...

thus cooling the atoms down to temperatures as low as several microkelvin. Sub-Doppler cooling techniques, such as polarization gradient cooling and Sisyphus...

sub-Doppler cooling techniques, including polarization gradient cooling, gray molasses cooling, and Raman sideband cooling, have enabled the cooling and trapping...

field Pyroelectricity – the creation of an electric polarization in a crystal after heating/cooling, an effect distinct from thermoelectricity Thermionic...

characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field...

{\displaystyle {\eta }_{cathode}} = polarization losses in the cathode η a n o d e {\displaystyle {\eta }_{anode}} = polarization losses in the anode In SOFCs...

are two types of polarization patterns of radiation observed in sky. The launch of the IXPE telescope in late 2021 made polarization measurements in the...

thermal gradient formed between two different conductors can produce electricity. At the heart of the thermoelectric effect is that a temperature gradient in...

Optical tweezers (originally called single-beam gradient force trap) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to hold and move microscopic...

state. This gives a net polarization that is parallel to the external field. Application of an RF pulse can tip this net polarization vector sideways (with...

z<0} . Since the magnetic field gradient near the trap center is uniform, the same phenomenon of trapping and cooling occurs along the x {\displaystyle...

external sources (e.g., solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy, also known as ambient energy), then stored for use...

This matter then may radiate and cool faster than the surrounding regions, resulting in a pressure gradient. This gradient would push matter into an over-dense...

Hyperpolarization is the spin polarization of the atomic nuclei of a material in a magnetic field far beyond thermal equilibrium conditions determined...

heating or cooling at an electrified junction of two different conductors (1834). His great experimental discovery was the heating or cooling of the junctions...

Personalized cooling technology is an example of an application where optical spectral selectivity can be beneficial. Conventional personal cooling is typically...

stratospheric cloud (PSC) (nacreous cloud) polar vortex Polarization (waves) (see under Polarization effects in everyday life) pole shift theory positive...

cool down before it can begin working. The most commonly used cooling systems are peltier coolers which, although inefficient and limited in cooling capacity...

in applications where cryogenic cooling is a drawback. This is notably the case of medical imaging where such cooling imposes a thick thermal insulation...

the interaction between the electric fields and charged particles or polarization effects within the fluid. The generation and movement of charge carriers...

relative to the propagation direction is also referred to as the wave's polarization, which can be an important attribute. A wave can be described just like...

membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids...