rotational axis. Prograde or direct motion is more normal motion in the same direction as the primary rotates. However, "retrograde" and "prograde" can also...

vantage point. Direct motion or prograde motion is motion in the same direction as other bodies. While the terms direct and prograde are equivalent in this...

Prograde can refer to: Retrograde and prograde motion, in astronomy, a type of motion of astronomical bodies Metamorphism#Prograde and retrograde, in...

A distant retrograde orbit (DRO), as most commonly conceived, is a spacecraft orbit around a moon that is highly stable because of its interactions with...

center of mass. While nominally a mean, and theoretically so in the case of two-body motion, in practice the mean motion is not typically an average over time...

the normal orbit is prograde, an orbit in the same direction as the planet rotates. Inclinations greater than 90° describe retrograde orbits (backward)...

first order). A prograde or retrograde impulse (i.e. an impulse applied along the orbital motion) changes both the eccentricity and the orbital period...

In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, published by Johannes Kepler in 1609 (except the third law, which was fully published in 1619), describe...

outer irregular satellites whose prograde and retrograde orbits are much farther from Jupiter and have high inclinations and eccentricities. The largest of...

east to west along its ground track, in what is called "apparent retrograde" motion. This effect occurs because the satellite orbits more slowly than...

inclination, e {\displaystyle e} is the eccentricity, n {\displaystyle n} is mean motion in degrees per day, J 2 {\displaystyle J_{2}} is the perturbing factor,...

Earth). By convention, the inclination of a Prograde orbit is specified as an angle less than 90°. Retrograde orbit: An orbit counter to the direction of...

than a point gravitational source, resulting in a non-closed orbit. A prograde relativistic shift happens because of relativistic effects from a massive...

plane of reference. The orbital inclination is 0° for prograde orbits, and π (180°) for retrograde ones.[citation needed] If the plane of reference is a...

is equatorial (in the same plane as the equator of Mars), circular, and prograde (rotating about Mars's axis in the same direction as the planet's surface)...

400 km (250 mi), and is of increasing commercial importance in a variety of scenarios and for multiple applications, in both private and government satellite...

life to reduce the probability of colliding with operational spacecraft and generating space debris. A graveyard orbit is used when the change in velocity...

to the size of the orbit). As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate...

the Sun are ellipses with the Sun at one focus, and described this in his first law of planetary motion. Later, Isaac Newton explained this as a corollary...

inclination, allow rapid revisit times over low-latitude locations on Earth. Prograde equatorial LEOs also have lower delta-v launch requirements because they...

{\displaystyle W={\vec {F}}\cdot {\vec {s}}.} If the burn is made in the prograde direction, F → ⋅ s → = ‖ F ‖ ⋅ ‖ s ‖ = F ⋅ s {\displaystyle {\vec {F}}\cdot...

.S. Poleski, Radosław (2013). "Transformation of the equatorial proper motion to the Galactic system". arXiv:1306.2945 [astro-ph.IM]. Wikimedia Commons...

discovery was made with the help of radial velocity measurements that showed retrograde apsidal precession of the brown dwarf pair, which could not be explained...

of a circle is 0. The eccentricity of a non-circular ellipse is between 0 and 1. The eccentricity of a parabola is 1. The eccentricity of a hyperbola is...

are apogee and perigee. For the Sun, the suffix is -helion, so the names are aphelion and perihelion. According to Newton's laws of motion, all periodic...

day for retrograde rotation, as the rotation of the planet would be against the direction of orbital motion. If a planet rotates prograde, and the sidereal...

circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic escape orbit (or capture orbit), and greater than 1 is a hyperbola. The...

in direction. If it is constant in magnitude and changing in direction with the velocity, circular motion ensues. Taking two derivatives of the particle's...

mean motion a {\displaystyle a\,} is the semi-major axis For more complicated maneuvers which may involve a combination of change in inclination and orbital...

orbit (LEO) and below a high Earth orbit (HEO) – between 2,000 and 35,786 km (1,243 and 22,236 mi) above sea level. The boundary between MEO and LEO is an...