In the systems sciences system equivalence is the behavior of a parameter or component of a system in a way similar to a parameter or component of a different...

A complex system is a system composed of many components that may interact with one another. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms...

System Dynamics Systemics System equivalence Systems theory Tektology World-systems theory Complex Systems Ison, Ray. Systems Practice: How to Act: In...

The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form...

In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame. The two differ only by a multiplicative constant...

Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, in translation and semantics, are the principle approaches to translation, prioritizing respectively the meaning...

In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments...

System Other universities, such as the Ateneo de Manila University and its sister schools, use the letter grade system with varied grade equivalence range...

numberings and acceptable programming systems. Rogers' equivalence theorem shows that all acceptable programming systems are equivalent to each other in the...

for material equivalence, so proper interpretation would depend on the context. Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence, although the...

In computer science, a type system is nominal (also called nominative or name-based) if compatibility and equivalence of data types is determined by explicit...

unbounded dense linear ordering. This is sufficient to ensure elementary equivalence, because the theory of unbounded dense linear orderings is complete,...

A formal system is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms. In...

fundamental concept of ECP comes from equivalence class which in turn comes from equivalence relation. A software system is in effect a computable function...

structural type system (or property-based type system) is a major class of type systems in which type compatibility and equivalence are determined by...

In music, two written notes have enharmonic equivalence if they produce the same pitch but are notated differently. Similarly, written intervals, chords...

The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are...

ringer equivalence was first defined by U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 68, based on the load that a standard Bell System model 500...

thermal equilibrium between systems an equivalence relation, which can represent equality of some quantity associated with each system. A quantity that is the...

note name in the Western system of music notation—the name of a note an octave above A is also A. This is called octave equivalence, the assumption that pitches...

basic result for discrete-time centralized systems with only additive uncertainty is the certainty equivalence property: that the optimal control solution...

type A is expected (covariant), even if the reverse is not true. Like equivalence, the subtype relation is defined differently for each programming language...

number are converted with similar methods. They are again based on the equivalence of shifting with doubling or halving. In a fractional binary number such...

It is considered the thermal analogue to electrical inductance in system equivalence modeling; its unit is the thermal henry. Thus far, few studies have...

Formal equivalence checking process is a part of electronic design automation (EDA), commonly used during the development of digital integrated circuits...

In mathematics and logic, an axiomatic system is a set of formal statements (i.e. axioms) used to logically derive other statements such as lemmas or theorems...

new look at the atomic level virial stress: on continuum-molecular system equivalence" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical...

be equivalent. The operation for comparing orbits to establish their equivalence changes with the different notions of stability. The type of trajectory...

reversible, row equivalence is an equivalence relation. It is commonly denoted by a tilde (~). There is a similar notion of column equivalence, defined by...

In electromagnetism, surface equivalence principle or surface equivalence theorem relates an arbitrary current distribution within an imaginary closed...