In mechanics, the virial theorem provides a general equation that relates the average over time of the total kinetic energy of a stable system of discrete...

that in rotational motion. The equipartition theorem makes quantitative predictions. Like the virial theorem, it gives the total average kinetic and potential...

In astrophysics, the virial mass is the mass of a gravitationally bound astrophysical system, assuming the virial theorem applies. In the context of galaxy...

eigenenergy. It is demonstrated in Brack (1983) that application of the virial theorem to the eigenfunction equation produces the following formula for the...

mechanics, virial stress is a measure of stress on an atomic scale for homogeneous systems. The name is derived from Latin vis 'force': "Virial is then derived...

The virial expansion is a model of thermodynamic equations of state. It expresses the pressure P of a gas in local equilibrium as a power series of the...

working at Caltech and made a similar inference. Zwicky applied the virial theorem to the Coma Cluster and obtained evidence of unseen mass he called dunkle...

1921 paper applying the virial theorem to spherical star clusters and Fritz Zwicky's 1933 paper applying the virial theorem specifically to the Coma...

by S.I. Pokhozhaev and is similar to the virial theorem. This relation is also known as G.H. Derrick's theorem. Similar identities can be derived for other...

1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. In 1870 he introduced the virial theorem, which applied to heat. The initial application of thermodynamics to...

energy of the electron. This is also true for noncircular orbits by the virial theorem. A quantum rule The angular momentum L = mevr is an integer multiple...

(physics) Virial theorem (classical mechanics) Betti's theorem (physics) Castigliano's first and second theorems (structural analysis) Clapeyron's theorem (physics)...

1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. In 1870 he introduced the virial theorem, which applied to heat. Clausius was born in Köslin (now Koszalin, Poland)...

Unlike most other books on mechanics, this one elaborates upon the virial theorem. The discussion of canonical and contact transformations, the Hamilton-Jacobi...

heat capacity can result in a negative temperature. According to the virial theorem, for a self-gravitating body like a star or an interstellar gas cloud...

counteracting such that the chemical potential remains unchanged. The virial theorem demonstrates that attraction between the molecules (water and solute)...

internal gravitational force. Mathematically this is expressed using the virial theorem, which states that to maintain equilibrium, the gravitational potential...

energy, the satisfaction of an electronic virial theorem analogous to the molecular electronic virial theorem, and some interesting variational properties...

structural features of liquid. It underlies the modern astrophysics and virial theorem. In solid state physics, statistical physics aids the study of liquid...

and observational astronomy. In 1933, Zwicky was the first to use the virial theorem to postulate the existence of unseen dark matter, describing it as "dunkle...

(sometimes spelled as Pohozaev's identity). This result is similar to the virial theorem. We may write the equation ∂ t 2 u = ∇ 2 u − 1 2 f ′ ( u ) {\displaystyle...

can be calculated numerically as U = 2.49×1032 J. According to the virial theorem, the gravitational binding energy of a star is about two times its internal...

in the same way that main sequence stars increase luminosity as the virial theorem shows. When their core helium is eventually exhausted, they progress...

specific orbital energy is independent of the eccentricity. Using the virial theorem to find: the time-average of the specific potential energy is equal...

In astrophysics, the Chandrasekhar virial equations are a hierarchy of moment equations of the Euler equations, developed by the Indian American astrophysicist...

{2}}} ϵ = − μ 2 r {\displaystyle \epsilon =-{\mu \over {2r}}} Thus the virial theorem: 72  applies even without taking a time-average:[citation needed] the...

2 5 R . {\displaystyle U=-{\frac {3GM^{2}}{5R}}.} According to the Virial Theorem, the total energy for gravitationally bound systems in equilibrium is...

total potential energy, ⟨T⟩ = ⁠1/2⁠⟨U⟩, which is an example of the virial theorem for gravitational systems. If M is the total mass and R a characteristic...

effect are associated with the gravity of the cluster by means of the virial theorem; they change the observed redshifts of the galaxies in the cluster....

is proportional to some power n of the inter-particle distance r" (Virial theorem) "the inter-particle distance is much larger than the thermal de Broglie...