⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Consonant gradation is a type of consonant mutation (mostly lenition but also assimilation) found...

Uralic languages; see consonant gradation for a more general overview. Consonant gradation involves an alternation in consonants between a strong grade...

medial consonant mutation involving voicing, rendaku, in many compounds. Uralic languages like Finnish show consonant gradation, a type of consonant mutation...

complex is the system of consonant gradation. Consonant gradation is a pattern of alternations between pairs of consonants that appears in the inflection...

the consonant cluster /ŋk/ (written nk), or as geminate /ŋŋ/ (written ng), the latter being the counterpart of the former under consonant gradation (type...

Finnic languages, also known as consonant gradation since the 19th century.) The Proto-Germanic consonant gradation is not directly attested in any of...

is the same stem under consonant gradation. Fortition is the opposite of lenition: a consonant mutation in which a consonant changes from one considered...

word-initial consonant. Generally, all obstruents in a word are either voiced or voiceless. Vowel harmony Dissimilation Fusion (phonetics) Consonant gradation Vowel-Consonant...

texture to another Consonant gradation, mutation in which consonant sounds alternate between various "grades" Apophony or vowel gradation, sound change within...

spelling pronunciation [ts] (which is treated as a consonant cluster and hence not subject to consonant gradation). [ɣ] became: [ʋ] if it appeared originally...

Unlike its southern neighbor Southern Sámi, Ume Sámi has consonant gradation. However, gradation is more limited than it is in the more northern Sami languages...

*aw > *au etc. Consequently, these consonants can no longer close a syllable (relevant for consonant gradation). Any diphthongs ending in *u become...

only partially in the HG consonant shift and later further underwent a general gradation process for almost all consonants. In general /h/ from /k/ develops...

known as consonant gradation. Gradation applied to all intervocalic single consonants as well as all consonant clusters. This is unlike gradation in the...

half-long. Consonant gradation is a pattern of alternations between pairs of consonants that appears in the inflection of words. Consonant gradation in Inari...

suprafixes, superfixes, or simulfixes. Consonant alternation is commonly known as consonant mutation or consonant gradation. Bemba indicates causative verbs...

relationship between consonant gradation and medial lenition of stops (the pattern also continuing within the three families where gradation is found) is noted...

words. Finnish consonant length is also affected by consonant gradation. Another important phenomenon is sandhi, which produces long consonants at word boundaries...

Estonian consonant gradation is a grammatical process that affects obstruent consonants at the end of the stressed syllable of a word. Gradation causes...

(quantitative gradation: photograph / photography shows reduction of the first vowel to a schwa), others in vowel coloring (qualitative gradation: man / men)...

versions of other consonant sounds also exist but are much rarer than either nasal occlusives or nasal vowels. The Middle Chinese consonant 日 ([ȵʑ]; [ʐ] in...

secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant. In the International...

phonology, voicing (or sonorization) is a sound change where a voiceless consonant becomes voiced due to the influence of its phonological environment; shift...

languages, where it forms a part of the system of consonant gradation: a single voiceless consonant (*p, *t, *k, *s) becomes weakened (*b, *d, *g; *h...

Finnish has vowel harmony, and like other Finnic languages, it has consonant gradation. The pronouns are inflected in the Finnish language much in the same...

processes is the characteristic consonant gradation. Two kinds of gradation occur: radical gradation and suffix gradation. They both affect the plosives...

silent final consonants of words before words beginning with vowels) and Italian raddoppiamento fonosintattico (lengthening of initial consonants of words...

phonology, assimilation is a sound change in which some phonemes (typically consonants or vowels) change to become more similar to other nearby sounds. This...

However, if the /k/ is weakened (because of a phenomenon called consonant gradation that occurs when the word is inflected), the result is a long, or...

Q1, Q2 and Q3 for short. The consonants of a word alternate in a process known as consonant gradation, where consonants appear in different quantities...