Electron capture ionization is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A − {\displaystyle...

of electron capture ionization. The electron affinity is positive when energy is released on electron capture. In solid state physics, the electron affinity...

solution for the ionization rate is possible. Tunnel ionization is ionization due to quantum tunneling. In classical ionization, an electron must have enough...

by the electron beam ion trap. Electron capture ionization (ECI) is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create...

An electron capture detector (ECD) is a device for detecting atoms and molecules in a gas through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization...

chemistry. Reagent gas molecules (often methane or ammonia) are ionized by electron ionization to form reagent ions, which subsequently react with analyte...

Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically...

the Auger electron corresponds to the difference between the energy of the initial electronic transition into the vacancy and the ionization energy for...

electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the...

needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. The degree of plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature relative...

many types of ionizing radiation, including X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles and beta particles. Conventionally, the term "ionization chamber" refers...

manufacturers. The "hard ionization" process of electron ionization can be softened by the cooling of the molecules before their ionization, resulting in mass...

Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) is a method of fragmenting gas-phase ions for structure elucidation of peptides and proteins in tandem mass spectrometry...

nano-ESI/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) dual ionization source using radical anions of 1,3-dinitrobenzene as the electron donor. Later a lab at the...

secondary electron with enough energy to escape a significant distance away from the primary radiation beam and produce further ionization.: 25  The term...

molecule M. Adding an electron through an ion-ion reaction is called electron-transfer dissociation (ETD). Similar to electron-capture dissociation, ETD induces...

panels, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors, and particle accelerators. Interactions involving electrons with other...

produces antineutrinos). In electron capture, some proton-rich nuclides were found to capture their own atomic electrons instead of emitting positrons...

and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry. 60 (14): 1420–5. doi:10...

sufficiently high energy can ionize atoms; that is to say it can knock electrons off atoms, creating ions. Ionization occurs when an electron is stripped (or "knocked...

same. In electron capture, an inner atomic electron is captured by a proton in the nucleus, transforming it into a neutron, and an electron neutrino is...

thereby ionizing them (impact ionization). This releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide with further atoms, releasing more electrons—a chain...

be regarded as the ionization energy of the –1 ion or the zeroth ionization energy. Either convention can be used. Negative electron affinities can be...

for ionization have been key to determining what types of samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Electron ionization and chemical ionization are...

helium as an ionization source. Eluants from the GC column, flowing counter to the flow of helium from the discharge zone, are ionized by photons from...

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric...

ions and neutrals. The reverse process to ionization is recombination, in which a free electron is "captured" by a positive ion. Recombination occurs spontaneously...

nucleus recoiling from a neutron interaction is ionized and causes more traditional subsequent ionization in other atoms. Because neutrons are uncharged...

electrolyte the charge carriers are ions, while in plasma, an ionized gas, they are ions and electrons. In the International System of Units (SI), electric current...

have ionization potentials small enough to be comparable to those of other elements and molecules. It was the insight that xenon has an ionization potential...