limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence...

associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below. Depending largely on season, latitude...

Stratified layers are a barrier to the mixing of water, which impacts the exchange of heat, carbon, oxygen and other nutrients. The surface mixed layer is the...

exported out of the surface mixed layer and into the mesopelagic zone. One pathway for carbon export from the euphotic layer is through sinking of particles...

production of turbulent kinetic energy within the surface layer. The depth of the surface mixed layer is affected by solar insolation and thus is related to...

intervening summer, this process occurs because of the strong mixed layer seasonal cycle. The mixed layer depth over the North Pacific is deeper, typically 100-200m...

temperature and motion fields can be separated into three distinct layers: mixed (surface) layer, upper ocean (above the thermocline), and deep ocean. Ocean...

capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which is...

aforementioned mixed layer). The deeper the mixed layer, the lower the average amount of light intercepted by phytoplankton within it. The mixed layer can vary...

the upper mixed layer when vertical mixing entrains them. In most circumstances, this mixing also replenishes nutrients in the upper mixed layer, setting...

surface-mixed layer of water of almost uniform temperature which may be a few meters deep to several hundred meters deep. Below this mixed layer, at depths...

and convective mixed layer deepening can reach hundreds of meters into the ocean interior. In comparison, the wind-driven mixed layer depth is limited...

levels. Under his hypothesis, net production in the mixed layer exceeds losses only if the mixed layer is shallower than the critical depth. His hypothesis...

Barrier layer in the ocean is a layer of water separating the well-mixed surface layer from the thermocline. The thickness of the barrier layer is defined...

spiral. The influence of these currents is mainly experienced at the mixed layer of the ocean surface, often from 400 to 800 meters of maximum depth....

the hurricane's path. This is because heat is withdrawn from the ocean mixed layer in a number of ways. For instance, sensible and latent heat are lost...

and suppressed juvenile canopy layer trees awaiting an opening in the canopy. Below the sub-canopy is the shrub layer, composed of low growing woody plants...

amount of tritium. Layer 2 Layer 2 is below the first layer but above the 26.81 isopycnal and is no longer part of the mixed layer. Its two sources are...

More recent observations include (not an exhaustive list): The 1980 mixed layer experiment Within the Sargasso Sea during the 1982 Long Term Upper Ocean...

potent elevated mixed layer—departed from eastern Kansas. Strong winds transported steep lapse rates within the elevated mixed layer eastward across the...

sepiolite, clays with long water channels internal to their structure. Mixed layer clay variations exist for most of the above groups. Ordering is described...

circulate within the mixed layer; however, it is not yet so clear how strongly they can cause mixing at the base of the mixed layer. The driving force of...

CBL is divided into two sub-layers: mixed layer (35–80% of CBL depth) and surface layer (5–10% of CBL depth). The mixed layer, the major part of CBL, has...

grains. These grains are called glauconies and consist of a mixture of mixed-layer clay minerals, such as smectite and glauconite. Greensand is also loosely...

critical depth hypothesis, which says blooms are caused by shoaling of the mixed layer. Similarly, Winder and Cloern (2010) described spring blooms as a response...

feeding at the surface swim less actively and therefore sink below the mixed layer. As they sink they produce feces which employs a role in the Antarctic...

the deep isothermal layer and thus has some seasonal variance. Other acoustic ducts exist, particularly in the upper mixed layer, but the ray paths lose...

risk over the Tennessee Valley. This notably mentioned the presence of mixed-layer CAPE values between 2,500 and 4,500 j/kg across central and northern...

activities. The ocean mixed layer plays an important role in heat storage over seasonal and decadal time scales, whereas deeper layers are affected over millennia...

In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere...