The evolution of human bipedalism, which began in primates approximately four million years ago, or as early as seven million years ago with Sahelanthropus...

own body using the large curved claws on its foredigits. Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism Lower limb "Upper Extremity". MeSH. Retrieved 26 June 2011...

comparable to other apes. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sole (foot). Barefoot Footprint Gait (human) Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism Ross...

the great apes. Over their evolutionary history, humans gradually developed traits such as bipedalism, dexterity, and complex language, as well as interbreeding...

Finger-counting Finger tracking Handstand Hand strength Hand walking Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism Knuckle-walking Palmistry—fortune-telling based on lines...

may have acted together to lead to human bipedalism. It is important to distinguish between adaptations for bipedalism and adaptations for running, which...

fibers. The tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated – having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. A skeletal muscle contains multiple...

Schmitt D (May 2003). "Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from experimental studies of humans and other primates". The Journal of Experimental...

from gill arches present in ancient vertebrates. Shoulder Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism Physiological joints are called "false" joints because...

clitoridis. Modern humans are to a large extent characterized by bipedal locomotion and large brains. Because the pelvis is vital to both locomotion and...

came from the inefficiency of bipedalism and the growing energy costs of climbing tall trees. Human ancestors are thought to have had more muscles connecting...

Denisovans with the early ancestors of those Eurasians. The skeletal remains of an early modern human from the Tianyuan cave (near Zhoukoudian, China) of 40...

that the head undergoes in order to travel through. Due to the evolution of bipedalism in humans, the pelvis had evolved to have a shorter, more forward-curved...

evidence of its existence back to 50,000 years ago. The Homo floresiensis skeletal material at Liang Bua is now dated from 60,000 to 100,000 years ago; stone...

for short periods and at a great expenditure of energy. The human adaption to bipedalism has also affected the location of the body's center of gravity...

morphologically evolved to survive as bipeds, however, bipedalism has resulted in skeletal changes that have consequently narrowed the pelvis and the birth...

to the speculative hypothesis that archaic humans may have lived in trees until then. The skeletal changes due to the evolution of human bipedalism started...

strong selection for bipedalism. For a bipedal stance, a highly mobile, elongated lower spine is very beneficial. For instance, the human spine takes on an...

hominins. It led to rapid changes typical for domestication, such as in cranial morphology, skeletal architecture, reduction in brain volume, to playful and...

similar to that of modern humans and other Homo, with adaptations for bipedalism and a humanlike gait. The heel bone has a low orientation, comparable to those...

origin. His age at death has been estimated at 40 to 42 years. In 1992, alleged cut marks on the skeletal remains were reported, particularly at the edges...

implications related to metabolism, brain function, and skeletal and muscular development. Some genes may have helped immigrating modern human populations acclimatise...

confirmed how many other features of its skeleton reflect adaptation to bipedalism on the ground as well. Like later hominins, Ardipithecus had reduced...

of other primates. Reduced canine size may be due to bipedalism and adaptations of the hand. Bipedalism is not a common trait, yet many species like the...

chimpanzees. Chimpanzee quadrupedal and bipedal energy costs are found to be relatively equal, with chimpanzee bipedalism costing roughly ten percent more than...

associated skeletal aspects.: 5  In 1973, the IARE team unearthed the first knee joint, AL 129-1, and showed the earliest example at the time of bipedalism. On...

heat. When humans are exposed to certain climates for extended periods of time, physiological changes occur to help the individual adapt to hot or cold...

traits, such as bipedalism, quadrupedalism, possessing the mandibles of a Predator, and other structural changes that enable adaptation to its new environment...

bipedalism, relatively small jaws and teeth (indicating a major change in diet) as well as body proportions and inferred lifestyles more similar to modern...

("Neandersovans"). The dispersal of H. erectus is generally ascribed to the evolution of obligate bipedalism, better technology, and adoption of a carnivorous diet...