In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate electronic energy levels and the resulting splittings in those...

Pauli exclusion principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule. Fine structure arises from relativistic kinetic energy corrections, spin–orbit coupling...

What is the meaning of the fine structure constant? — Wolfgang Pauli Dimensionless physical constant Hyperfine structure In quantum electrodynamics, α is...

a nuclear magnetic spin using atomic spectroscopy to measure the hyperfine structure of caesium. His scientific research at Oxford did not, however, interfere...

nucleus is a slighter correction to the energy levels known as the hyperfine structure. A similar effect, due to the relationship between angular momentum...

perturbation theory. However, this equation does not contain the hyperfine structure corrections, which are due to interactions with the nuclear spin...

atom with a simple two level structure, whereas most atomic species which are laser cooled have complicated hyperfine structure. Mechanisms such as Sisyphus...

example, the fine-structure corrections are ignored. In the magnetic dipole approximation, the Hamiltonian which includes both the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions...

from NASA. "List of Fellows". Frosch, Robert Alan (1952). Magnetic hyperfine structure in diatomic molecules (Ph.D.). Columbia University. OCLC 35805315...

hydrogen, including fine structure (excluding Lamb shift and hyperfine structure), are given by the Sommerfeld fine-structure expression: E j n = − μ c...

applying extra terms to account for centrifugal distortion, fine structure, hyperfine structure and Coriolis coupling. Fitting the spectra to the theoretical...

1016/0031-9163(62)90420-1. Weiss, Rainer (1963). "Stark Effect and Hyperfine Structure of Hydrogen Fluoride". Phys. Rev. 131 (2): 659–665. Bibcode:1963PhRv...

calculations by Kramers for the Stark effect). The existence of fine structure and hyperfine structure in spectral lines, which are known to be due to a variety...

of the linewidth of a transition and undesirable effects such as hyperfine structure trapping and radiation trapping. Therefore the orientation of the...

the presence of a magnetic field the 1s–2s transition splits into two hyperfine transitions with slightly different frequencies. The team calculated the...

moment; the quadrupole moment does cause some small shifts in the hyperfine structure as well. All nuclei that have nonzero spin also have a nonzero magnetic...

complicated by spin and quantum vacuum effects to produce fine structure and hyperfine structure. Nevertheless, the Bohr radius formula remains central in...

Vernon; Kabasakal, Yurdanur; Shugart, Howard; Tezer, Orhan (1968). "Hyperfine Structure of 67Ga and 72Ga". Physical Review. 176 (1): 25–42. Bibcode:1968PhRv...

the structure and conformation of molecules. Spin–spin coupling between nuclear spin and electronic spin is responsible for hyperfine structure in atomic...

\leftrightarrow } is used to indicate a forbidden transition. In hyperfine structure, the total angular momentum of the atom is F = I + J , {\displaystyle...

below the photon-recoil limit. However, for atoms with an unresolved hyperfine structure, such as 7Li, the temperature achieved in a MOT will be higher than...

The energy E(2) gives the quadratic Stark effect. Neglecting the hyperfine structure (which is often justified — unless extremely weak electric fields...

under the supervision of Samuel Goudsmit on the Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure of atomic levels. After graduate work at the California Institute...

as the magnetic dipole moment of leptons, the Lamb shift, and the hyperfine structure of bound lepton pairs, such as muonium and positronium. Since photons...

case of dimensionless universal physical constants, such as the fine-structure constant α, which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction...

orbital state of positronium is 1S, and like with hydrogen, it has a hyperfine structure arising from the relative orientations of the spins of the electron...

lines correspond to much rarer atomic events such as hyperfine transitions. The fine structure also results in single spectral lines appearing as two...

Zhijun, Chen; Fuquan, Lu; Jiayong, Tang; Fujia, Yang (1 April 2000). "Hyperfine Structure Measurements in the Lines 576.91 nm, 597.11 nm and 612.61 nm of La...

in chemistry Hydrogen forward scattering, in materials science Hyperfine structure, in physics French Frigate Shoals Airport, in Hawaii, United States...

Doppler-free technique while focusing on one of these lines, the hyperfine structure of the iodine molecule reveals itself. A line is now resolved such...