rotational axis. Prograde or direct motion is more normal motion in the same direction as the primary rotates. However, "retrograde" and "prograde" can also...

vantage point. Direct motion or prograde motion is motion in the same direction as other bodies. While the terms direct and prograde are equivalent in this...

Prograde can refer to: Retrograde and prograde motion, in astronomy, a type of motion of astronomical bodies Metamorphism#Prograde and retrograde, in...

first order). A prograde or retrograde impulse (i.e. an impulse applied along the orbital motion) changes both the eccentricity and the orbital period...

A distant retrograde orbit (DRO), as most commonly conceived, is a spacecraft orbit around a moon that is highly stable because of its interactions with...

center of mass. While nominally a mean, and theoretically so in the case of two-body motion, in practice the mean motion is not typically an average over time...

In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, published by Johannes Kepler in 1609 (except the third law, which was fully published in 1619), describe...

the normal orbit is prograde, an orbit in the same direction as the planet rotates. Inclinations greater than 90° describe retrograde orbits (backward)...

outer irregular satellites whose prograde and retrograde orbits are much farther from Jupiter and have high inclinations and eccentricities. The largest of...

east to west along its ground track, in what is called "apparent retrograde" motion. This effect occurs because the satellite orbits more slowly than...

is equatorial (in the same plane as the equator of Mars), circular, and prograde (rotating about Mars's axis in the same direction as the planet's surface)...

plane of reference. The orbital inclination is 0° for prograde orbits, and π (180°) for retrograde ones.[citation needed] If the plane of reference is a...

explain the preponderance of retrograde moons around Jupiter; however, Saturn has a more even mix of retrograde/prograde moons so the reasons are more...

Earth). By convention, the inclination of a Prograde orbit is specified as an angle less than 90°. Retrograde orbit: An orbit counter to the direction of...

orbit (LEO) and below a high Earth orbit (HEO) – between 2,000 and 35,786 km (1,243 and 22,236 mi) above sea level. The boundary between MEO and LEO is an...

life to reduce the probability of colliding with operational spacecraft and generating space debris. A graveyard orbit is used when the change in velocity...

the Sun are ellipses with the Sun at one focus, and described this in his first law of planetary motion. Later, Isaac Newton explained this as a corollary...

to the size of the orbit). As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate...

day for retrograde rotation, as the rotation of the planet would be against the direction of orbital motion. If a planet rotates prograde, and the sidereal...

astronomers are eclipses, apparent retrograde motion/planetary stations, planetary ingresses, sidereal time, positions for the mean and true nodes of the moon, the...

than a point gravitational source, resulting in a non-closed orbit. A prograde relativistic shift happens because of relativistic effects from a massive...

inclination, e {\displaystyle e} is the eccentricity, n {\displaystyle n} is mean motion in degrees per day, J 2 {\displaystyle J_{2}} is the perturbing factor,...

discovery was made with the help of radial velocity measurements that showed retrograde apsidal precession of the brown dwarf pair, which could not be explained...

much farther from Neptune and at high inclination: three of these have prograde orbits, while the remainder have retrograde orbits. In particular, Nereid...

in direction. If it is constant in magnitude and changing in direction with the velocity, circular motion ensues. Taking two derivatives of the particle's...

low Earth orbit, compared to the retrograde burn applied near the Moon in the traditional trans-lunar injection, and allow for a doubling of payload....

mean motion a {\displaystyle a\,} is the semi-major axis For more complicated maneuvers which may involve a combination of change in inclination and orbital...

.S. Poleski, Radosław (2013). "Transformation of the equatorial proper motion to the Galactic system". arXiv:1306.2945 [astro-ph.IM]. Wikimedia Commons...

equator and following the direction of Mars's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to Mars's rotational period, and so to ground...

orbit with the eccentricity equal to 1 and is an unbound orbit that is exactly on the border between elliptical and hyperbolic. When moving away from the...