• The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) was a system of large computers and associated networking equipment that coordinated data from many radar...
    102 KB (10,324 words) - 14:56, 2 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for J. C. R. Licklider
    of speech. While at MIT in the 1950s, Licklider worked on Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), a Cold War project to create a computer-aided air...
    31 KB (3,274 words) - 11:06, 1 November 2024
  • had been working with the United States Air Force on their Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project. SAGE used a series of large computers to coordinate...
    24 KB (2,999 words) - 08:09, 23 May 2025
  • The Experimental Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Sector (ESS, Experimental SAGE Subsector until planned Sectors/Subsectors were renamed NORAD...
    16 KB (1,769 words) - 22:00, 18 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central
    by the United States Air Force for ground-controlled interception as part of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment network during the Cold War. The name...
    27 KB (2,402 words) - 06:32, 1 May 2025
  • Montauk Air Force Station (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    high-security facility. During 1958, Montauk AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-01 at McGuire AFB, New Jersey...
    16 KB (1,938 words) - 04:15, 14 May 2025
  • The book documents four massively-cooperative projects: Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), a computer- and radar-based air-defense system The...
    2 KB (172 words) - 22:38, 28 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Ground-controlled interception
    The most advanced GCI system deployed to date was the US's Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system. SAGE used massive computers to combine reports...
    12 KB (1,810 words) - 16:51, 8 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Radar tower
    Warning (AC&W), or Long Range Surveillance in support of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE). The tower typically has a continuously rotating parabolic...
    5 KB (634 words) - 12:33, 30 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Truax Field Air National Guard Base
    Truax Field Air National Guard Base (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    On 1 April 1959, ADC's 30th Air Division, operating the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, replaced the 37th AD. The 30th was a command...
    14 KB (1,242 words) - 08:13, 31 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)
    her replacement. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab, where she was one of...
    56 KB (5,150 words) - 03:13, 20 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Super Combat Center
    (transistorized) AN/FSQ-32 equipment which was to provide the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment for operators at 10 Air Divisions — 5 of the centers were...
    7 KB (723 words) - 11:01, 16 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Boeing E-3 Sentry
    designated 4PI, and the software was written in JOVIAL. A Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) or back-up interceptor control (BUIC) operator would...
    72 KB (7,129 words) - 14:40, 16 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Grand Forks Air Force Base
    Grand Forks Air Force Base (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    15 July 1974. In addition to the interceptor squadrons, a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Data Center (DC-11) was established at Grand Forks...
    39 KB (4,438 words) - 07:04, 31 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Raven Rock Mountain Complex
    Burroughs SS-416L Control and Warning Support System with the Semi Automatic Ground Environment had been deployed (Back-Up Interceptor Control began at North...
    37 KB (4,016 words) - 20:21, 6 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Ajo Air Force Station
    Ajo Air Force Station (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    microwave to the Control Center. During 1961 Ajo AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-21 at Luke AFB, Arizona...
    7 KB (854 words) - 23:29, 23 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Cross City Air Force Station
    Cross City Air Force Station (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    Jacksonville, Florida. During 1959, Cross City AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to Direction Center DC-09 at Gunter...
    15 KB (1,885 words) - 03:58, 21 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Fort Gregg-Adams
    the Fort Lee Air Force Station on post was selected for a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system direction center (DC) site, designated DC-04...
    38 KB (4,168 words) - 21:44, 12 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Sundance Air Force Station
    Sundance Air Force Station (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    Sundance Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-201, NORAD ID: Z-201) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 6.3...
    4 KB (446 words) - 01:45, 1 January 2024
  • Several of the centrals were used in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense network for Cold War ground-controlled interception to give "each...
    8 KB (777 words) - 02:31, 26 December 2024
  • Roanoke Rapids Air Force Station (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    Carolina. (Z-115) During 1959, Roanoke Rapids AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-04 at Fort Lee...
    6 KB (798 words) - 01:46, 1 January 2024
  • functions to operation of its units and major commands. The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment and Missile Master systems were used by Army Air Defence Command...
    2 KB (195 words) - 22:28, 6 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ground Equipment Facility J-31
    North American Aerospace Defense Command. The site provided Semi-Automatic Ground Environment data to the 1959-66 Norton AFB Direction Center for the USAF...
    10 KB (798 words) - 15:35, 8 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Antigo Air Force Station
    Antigo Air Force Station (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    radar was added in 1959. During 1960 Antigo AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-14 at K. I. Sawyer...
    8 KB (880 words) - 23:39, 14 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Duluth Air National Guard Base
    Duluth Air National Guard Base (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    1966, the Air Defense Command 29th Air Division, operated a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar command and control center from the airport....
    10 KB (846 words) - 12:41, 3 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for List of Nike missile sites
    "2AK/18L-H" means the site contained two Nike Ajax magazines (A), located above ground (K), with eight launchers (8L) being converted to Nike Hercules (H). Many...
    241 KB (3,337 words) - 17:15, 23 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Jon Bosak
    returned to RAND in 1956 to become head of programming for the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), the automated NORAD system that controlled US air...
    5 KB (656 words) - 12:37, 21 August 2024
  • a private school in Foxboro, Massachusetts, United States Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, NORAD's radar coordination computers SAGE radar stations...
    6 KB (748 words) - 09:55, 26 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Luke Air Force Base
    Luke Air Force Base (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    Fighter Falcons. In 1959, Air Defense Command established a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Data Center (DC-21) at Luke AFB. The SAGE system was...
    56 KB (6,894 words) - 16:24, 23 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base
    K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base (category Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites)
    command and control organization's mission was to operate the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Data Center (DC-14), which opened in 1959. The SAGE...
    37 KB (3,903 words) - 05:21, 15 February 2025