An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application-layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security...
7 KB (844 words) - 21:45, 17 July 2024
seven layers of the OSI model. The term gateway can also loosely refer to a computer or computer program configured to perform the tasks of a gateway, such...
11 KB (1,067 words) - 12:20, 23 September 2024
Network address translation (section Applications)
STUN, NAT behavior is unpredictable and communications may fail. Application Layer Gateway (ALG) software or hardware may correct these problems. An ALG...
44 KB (5,558 words) - 16:03, 20 June 2025
gateway is a type of firewall. Circuit-level gateways work at the session layer of the OSI model, or as a "shim-layer" between the application layer and...
2 KB (186 words) - 00:29, 11 December 2024
Multilayer switch (redirect from Layer 3 switch)
are made by specialized application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with the help of content-addressable memory. Multi-layer switching can make routing...
13 KB (1,787 words) - 21:52, 29 August 2024
serves third-party value-added services and applications at a higher application layer. The service layer provides capability servers owned by a telecommunication...
5 KB (554 words) - 08:31, 18 January 2025
Proxy server (redirect from Application-layer proxy)
to the client. Effectively a reverse proxy acts as a gateway between clients, users and application servers and handles all the traffic routing whilst also...
47 KB (5,574 words) - 22:22, 26 May 2025
Internet protocol suite (redirect from TCP/IP five layer model)
internet layer, providing internetworking between independent networks; the transport layer, handling host-to-host communication; and the application layer, providing...
59 KB (6,843 words) - 08:18, 25 June 2025
IP Multimedia Subsystem (redirect from SIP Application Server)
Transport Protocol (RTP). A signalling gateway (SGW) interfaces with the signalling plane of the CS. It transforms lower layer protocols as Stream Control Transmission...
39 KB (4,558 words) - 13:04, 6 February 2025
into SIP, the gateway will have to map different layers: Signalling: There is no standardised signalling protocol for WebRTC applications. However, SIP...
6 KB (734 words) - 07:17, 25 June 2025
STUN (category Application layer protocols)
or (XOR) mapping to avoid translation of the packet content by application layer gateways (ALGs) that perform deep packet inspection in an attempt to perform...
8 KB (1,059 words) - 16:34, 19 December 2023
many other users. The internet layer has three basic functions: For outgoing packets, select the next-hop host (gateway) and transmit the packet to this...
6 KB (1,093 words) - 20:05, 4 November 2024
called Interior Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP). In contrast, the Internet application of the protocol is called Exterior Border Gateway Protocol (EBGP). The...
65 KB (7,973 words) - 14:34, 25 May 2025
Nym (mixnet) (category Application layer protocols)
encrypted in multiple layers and routed through a series of nodes, including an entry gateway, three "mix nodes", and an exit gateway to the internet. To...
42 KB (3,810 words) - 17:46, 23 June 2025
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an obsolete technical standard for accessing information over a mobile cellular network. Introduced in 1999, WAP...
24 KB (2,994 words) - 21:15, 11 April 2025
Routing protocol (section OSI layer designation)
protocol is used to deliver application traffic. It provides appropriate addressing information in its internet layer or network layer to allow a packet to be...
7 KB (739 words) - 03:05, 27 January 2025
by Thomson Multimedia. It includes ADSL and ADSL2+ modems, residential gateways, wireless access equipment, VoIP handsets and SHDSL equipment for interconnections...
12 KB (562 words) - 00:47, 13 May 2025
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing...
5 KB (636 words) - 07:58, 28 February 2025
Juniper Networks Netscreen and SRX firewalls include complete SIP Application Layer Gateway support Linux Netfilter's SIP conntrack helper fully understands...
11 KB (1,107 words) - 05:29, 20 June 2025
mechanisms, such as SMS on mobile communication networks. CoAP is an application-layer protocol that is intended for use in resource-constrained Internet...
22 KB (1,813 words) - 02:51, 27 June 2025
Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is a security protocol, part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) stack. It sits between the WTP and WDP layers in the...
5 KB (629 words) - 05:05, 16 February 2025
cabling, and the network elements (e.g., routers, bridges and application-layer gateways) that interconnect via the transmission media. Logical networks...
100 KB (11,860 words) - 15:50, 23 June 2025
layer: Mobile Application Part is present both on the server and on the MS. Gateway: a gateway will wait for messages from the MAP layer, and work to route...
5 KB (668 words) - 16:01, 8 March 2024
OSI protocols (section Layer 7: application layer)
software application level. Each layer receives information from the layer above, processes it and passes it down to the next layer. Each layer adds encapsulation...
11 KB (1,203 words) - 15:13, 19 November 2024
Denial-of-service attack (redirect from Application layer DDoS attack)
An application layer DDoS attack (sometimes referred to as layer 7 DDoS attack) is a form of DDoS attack where attackers target application-layer processes...
101 KB (11,269 words) - 23:48, 21 June 2025
layer 3-7 services, including load-balancing. ADCs are intended to be deployed within the DMZ of a computer server cluster hosting web applications and/or...
6 KB (658 words) - 19:31, 18 December 2022
server for SAP products. All ABAP application servers including the message server represent the application layer of the multitier architecture of an...
5 KB (594 words) - 10:32, 29 April 2022
2014. The Application Experience service (AELookupSvc) is a part of the Application Compatibility Administrator. It processes application compatibility...
62 KB (1,086 words) - 12:57, 19 June 2025
Web framework (redirect from Web application frameworks)
pages' author. In 1993, the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) standard was introduced for interfacing external applications with web servers, to provide a dynamic...
23 KB (2,473 words) - 14:20, 16 May 2025
routing information can then be used to route network-layer protocols like IP. Interior gateway protocols can be divided into two categories: distance-vector...
2 KB (236 words) - 15:20, 21 August 2024