quintuplet and singlet, i.e. 6 states. It is sometimes known as the Interacting boson approximation (IBA).: 7  The IBM1/IBM-I model treats both types of nucleons...

a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positive) parity, no electric charge, and no colour charge that couples to (interacts with) mass. It is...

weak interaction, and the Higgs boson. In the Higgs mechanism, the Higgs field manifests Higgs bosons that interact with some quantum particles in a...

Warner, D. D.; Casten, R. F. (1983). "Predictions of the interacting boson approximation in a consistent Q framework". Physical Review C. 28 (4): 1798–1806...

not change particle flavor. Thus Z bosons are similar to the photon, aside from them being massive and interacting with the neutrino. The weak interaction...

gas can be easily expanded to any kind of ensemble of massless non-interacting bosons. The phonon gas, also known as Debye model, is an example where the...

study static properties of boson systems without geometrical frustration. For fermions, there exist very good approximations to their static properties...

electroweak-interacting particles described by this table. However, since each of the three electrically neutral elementary vector bosons' electroweak...

1978. Her dissertation, The level structure of 196Pt and the interacting boson approximation, was supervised by Linwood L. Lee. Others of her mentors in...

Goldstone boson is "eaten" by the corresponding gauge boson by becoming an additional degree of freedom for the gauge boson. The Goldstone boson equivalence...

condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero...

identical bosons using the Hartree–Fock approximation and the pseudopotential interaction model. A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a gas of bosons that are...

Boson sampling is a restricted model of non-universal quantum computation introduced by Scott Aaronson and Alex Arkhipov after the original work of Lidror...

Regions of differently shaped nuclei, as predicted by the Interacting Boson Approximation...

related to fermions, and called collective excitations if they are related to bosons, although the precise distinction is not universally agreed upon. Thus,...

liquid, or Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid, is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons (or other fermions) in a one-dimensional conductor (e.g. quantum...

a quantum system of non-interacting bosons, is naturally derived from the grand canonical ensemble without any approximations. In this ensemble, the system...

Shivam; Pica Ciamarra, Massimo (2023). "Quasi-localized vibrational modes, boson peak and sound attenuation in model mass-spring networks". SciPost Physics...

The random phase approximation (RPA) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and nuclear physics. It was first introduced by David Bohm...

getting a mass. This is a consequence of the Ward identity. The W-boson and the Z-boson get their masses through the Higgs mechanism; they do undergo mass...

calculations, the development of new sum rules, and insights into the Interacting Boson Model. In related research, he also used the simulated annealing method...

A(x) are called gauge bosons. The interpretation of the interaction Lagrangian in quantum field theory is of scalar bosons interacting by the exchange of...

ignored in the continuum approximation. It turns out, however, that the above equation for particle number expresses the number of bosons in excited states rather...

interpreted as an operator, then it describes a quantum field theory of non-interacting bosons. The second quantization technique, similar to the ladder operator...

non-interacting Schrödinger equation (more clearly, Schrödinger-like equation) of a fictitious system (the "Kohn–Sham system") of non-interacting particles...

method). In the 1980s he occupied himself with, among other things, the interacting boson model, and in the 1970s with quantum field theory in strong fields...

In particular, at low energies, α ≈ 1/137, whereas at the scale of the Z boson, about 90 GeV, one measures α ≈ 1/127. Moreover, the perturbative beta function...

boson itself; Higgs boson does not exist: then the weak bosons acquire mass by directly interacting with the vacuum condensate. Thus, the Higgs boson...

coupling of leptons to all types of gauge boson are flavour-independent: The interaction between leptons and a gauge boson measures the same for each lepton....

^{N}}{N!}}.} Note that this "high temperature" approximation does not distinguish between fermions and bosons. The discrepancy in the partition functions...