termed eta (穢多, lit. 'an abundance of defilement' or 'an abundance of filth'), a term now considered derogatory. Eta towns were termed etamura (穢多村). Some...

The direct translation of the phrase "Hinin" is "non-human". Hinin and Eta (穢多 (えた)) consisted of the lowest social classes in ancient Japan, but were not...

society.: 32–33  This group of people were originally referred to as the eta (穢多, lit. 'greatly defiled'). An additional class of occupations that were considered...

maps marked areas inhabited by the burakumin caste, formerly known as eta (穢多), literally "abundance of defilement", who were considered "non-humans" for...

said that it was most common in the Edo period. They are often called eta (穢多) or hinin (非人) meaning polluted or not a human. Even though in Meiji 4 (1871)...

and the spread of the idea that all people were equal. People called eta (穢多, 'abundance of defilement' or 'abundance of filth') and hinin (非人), who were...

performers were part of socially marginalized groups called the eta-hinin (穢多非人), or "lowborn people." During the late Edo period a hierarchy of performances...

among others. There is the inscription 「癸未年八月日十 大王年 男弟王 在意紫沙加宮時 斯麻 念長寿 遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱 作此鏡」 (according to Toshio Fukuyama) on the Suda Hachiman Shrine...

穄 穅 穆 穇 穈 穉 穊 穋 穌 積 穎 穏 U+7A5x 穐 穑 穒 穓 穔 穕 穖 穗 穘 穙 穚 穛 穜 穝 穞 穟 U+7A6x 穠 穡 穢 穣 穤 穥 穦 穧 穨 穩 穪 穫 穬 穭 穮 穯 U+7A7x 穰 穱 穲 穳 穴 穵 究 穷 穸 穹 空 穻 穼 穽 穾 穿 U+7A8x 窀...

果呼備字，亦謂於理宜爾也。就令羽請殺超，超不應聞，但見二子立直，何由便知以呼字之故，云幾為關、張所殺乎？言不經理，深可忿疾也。袁暐、樂資等諸所記載，穢雜虛謬，若此之類，殆不可勝言也。) Pei Songzhi's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 36. ([馬]超妻楊聞[王]異節行，請與讌終日。)...

vol. 1: "乃勸農桑，禁浮費，南土悅附焉。" Book of Jin 648, vol. 1: "初，申儀久在魏興，專威疆埸，輒承制刻印，多所假授。達既誅，有自疑心。時諸郡守以帝新克捷，奉禮求賀，皆聽之。帝使人諷儀，儀至，問承制狀，執之，歸于京師。又徙孟達餘衆七千餘家于幽州。蜀將姚靜、鄭他等帥其屬七千餘人來降。"...

下憒憒，亦非獨我曹罪也。先帝甞與太后不快，幾至成敗，我曹涕泣救解，各出家財千萬為禮，和恱上意，但欲託卿門戶耳。今乃欲滅我曹種族，不亦太甚乎？卿言省內穢濁，公卿以下忠清者為誰？」於是尚方監渠穆拔劔斬進於嘉德殿前。讓、珪等為詔，以故太尉樊陵為司隷校尉，少府許相為河南尹。尚書得詔板，疑之，曰：「請大將軍...

下憒憒，亦非獨我曹罪也。先帝甞與太后不快，幾至成敗，我曹涕泣救解，各出家財千萬為禮，和恱上意，但欲託卿門戶耳。今乃欲滅我曹種族，不亦太甚乎？卿言省內穢濁，公卿以下忠清者為誰？」於是尚方監渠穆拔劔斬進於嘉德殿前。讓、珪等為詔，以故太尉樊陵為司隷校尉，少府許相為河南尹。尚書得詔板，疑之，曰：「請大將軍...

以保尊門。」) Sanguozhi vol. 37. (「正受性無術，盟好違損，懼左右不明本末，必並歸咎，蒙恥沒身，辱及執事，是以損身於外，不敢反命。恐聖聽穢惡其聲，故中間不有牋敬，顧念宿遇，瞻望悢悢。然惟前後披露腹心，自從始初以至於終，實不藏情，有所不盡，但愚闇策薄，精誠不感，以致於此耳。) Sanguozhi...

54. (瑜曰：「不然。操雖託名漢相，其實漢賊也。將軍以神武雄才，兼仗父兄之烈，割據江東，地方數千里，兵精足用，英雄樂業，尚當橫行天下，為漢家除殘去穢。況操自送死，而可迎之邪？請為將軍籌之：今使北土已安，操無內憂，能曠日持乆來爭疆場，又能與我校勝負於船楫可乎？今北土旣未平安，加馬超、韓遂尚在關西，...

more'." 先是，莽發高句驪兵，當伐胡，不欲行，郡強迫之，皆亡出塞，因犯法為寇。遼西大尹田譚追擊之，為所殺。州郡歸咎於高句驪侯騶。[...] 莽不尉安，穢貉遂反，詔尤擊之。尤誘高句驪侯騶至而斬焉，傳首長安。[...] 於是貉人愈犯邊，東北與西南夷皆亂云。 Book of Han, Chapter 99...

GSR) i̯wæi iuɐi jwoj • • we>e wai>ai (K) wai (Ø) 喙 xjwoj, kwe>ke, kwai>kai 穢 ʔjwoj, e, wai iwei uei wej • wei>ē 睽 khwej, ke, kē; 圭 kwej, kwe>ke, kwei>kē;...

Death Arms and arrested for his crimes.[ch. 259, 296] The Shie Hassaikai (死穢八斎會, Shie Hassaikai) (lit. "Eight Precepts of Death") is a Yakuza group that...

下憒憒，亦非獨我曹罪也。先帝甞與太后不快，幾至成敗，我曹涕泣救解，各出家財千萬為禮，和恱上意，但欲託卿門戶耳。今乃欲滅我曹種族，不亦太甚乎？卿言省內穢濁，公卿以下忠清者為誰？」於是尚方監渠穆拔劔斬進於嘉德殿前。讓、珪等為詔，以故太尉樊陵為司隷校尉，少府許相為河南尹。尚書得詔板，疑之，曰：「請大將軍...

Sanguozhi vol. 44. (於是遣尚書令費禕、中監軍姜維等喻指。) Sanguozhi vol. 44. (琬承命上疏曰：「芟穢弭難，臣職是掌。自臣奉辭漢中，已經六年，臣旣闇弱，加嬰疾疢，規方無成，夙夜憂慘。今魏跨帶九州，根蔕滋蔓，平除未易。若東西并力，首尾掎角，雖未能速得如...

to travel in this direction was seen as a bad omen for a journey. Kegare (穢れ, lit. 'impurity') – defilement due to natural phenomena, for example the...

Sanguozhi vol. 58. (遜雖身在外，乃心於國，上疏陳時事曰：「臣以為科法嚴峻，下犯者多。頃年以來，將吏罹罪，雖不慎可責，然天下未一，當圖進取，小宜恩貸，以安下情。且世務日興，良能為先，自不姦穢入身，難忍之過，乞復顯用，展其力效。此乃聖王忘過記功，以成王業。昔漢高舍陳平之愆，用其奇略，終建...

彌以陵遲。放者因斯，或悖吉凶之禮，而忽容止之表，瀆棄長幼之序，混漫貴賤之級。其甚者至於裸裎，言笑忘宜，以不惜為弘，士行又虧矣。老子既著五千之文，表摭穢雜之弊，甄舉靜一之義，有以令人釋然自夷，合于《易》之《損》、《謙》、《艮》、《節》之旨。而靜一守本，無虛無之謂也；《損》《艮》之屬，蓋君子之一道，非...

幸荷殊寵，顯位選曹，銓衡人物，眾所具瞻。當敬以直內，義以方外，杜漸防萌，式遏寇害。而乃變起蕭牆，患生婢妾，身被刑傷，虧其膚髮。群小噂嚃，囂聲遠被，塵穢清化，垢累明時。天恩含垢，猶復慰喻，而約違命輕出，既無明智以保其身，又孤恩廢命，宜加貶黜，以塞眾謗。」帝不之罪。隗重加執據，終不許。) Book of...

Sanguozhi vol. 26. de Crespigny (2007), p. 424. (守高平令。縣人張苞為郡督郵，貪穢受取，干亂吏政。寵因其來在傳舍，率吏卒出收之，詰責所犯，即日考竟，遂棄官歸。) Sanguozhi vol. 26. de Crespigny (2007)...

Qijiu Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 41. (出補成都令，時郫縣令缺，以祗兼二縣。二縣戶口猥多，切近都治，饒諸奸穢，每比人，常眠睡，值其覺寤，輒得奸詐，眾咸畏祗之發摘，或以為有術，無敢欺者。使人投算，祗聽其讀而心計之，不差升合，其精如此。) Yi Bu...

而兾雍熈之聲作，肅清之化立，不可得也。方今見吏，殊才雖少，然或冠冕之冑，少漸道教，或清苦自立，資能足用，自可隨才授職，抑黜羣小，然後俗化可清，庶政無穢也。」) Sanguozhi vol. 58. (鳳皇元年，西陵督步闡據城以叛，遣使降晉。抗聞之，日部分諸軍，令將軍左弈、吾彥、蔡貢等徑赴西陵，勑軍...

annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 61. (年未三十，荊州牧劉表辟為部江夏從事。) Sanguozhi vol. 61. (時沙羡長贓穢不脩，濬按殺之，一郡震竦。) Sanguozhi vol. 61. (後為湘鄉令，治甚有名。) Sanguozhi vol. 61. Sima (1084)...

[ia] 也 ua [ua] 掛 o [ɔ] 哦 io [iɔ] 喲 uo [uɔ] 過 ê [ɛ] 這 iê [iɛ] (撒) uê [uɛ] 穢 ai [ai] 挨 iai [iai] 椰 uai [uai] 怪 oi [ɔi] 哀 au [au] 凹 iau [iau] 腰 êu [ɛu]...

(時殿上列將何定佞巧便辟，貴幸任事， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 61. (凱面責定曰：「卿見前後事主不忠，傾亂國政，寧有得以壽終者邪！何以專為佞邪，穢塵天聽？宜自改厲。不然，方見卿有不測之禍矣。」) Sanguozhi vol. 61. (定大恨凱，思中傷之，凱終不以為意，乃心公家，義形於色，表疏皆指事不飾，忠懇內發。)...