• Thumbnail for Affirmative action in the United States
    In the United States, affirmative action consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration...
    171 KB (19,700 words) - 04:33, 16 April 2024
  • given preference or special consideration in selection processes. In the United States, affirmative action by executive order originally meant selection...
    112 KB (12,096 words) - 18:02, 1 May 2024
  • An affirmative action bake sale is a type of campus protest event used by student groups to performatively criticize affirmative action policies by charging...
    6 KB (649 words) - 20:06, 11 September 2022
  • Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study is a 2004 nonfiction work by economist Thomas Sowell. Already known as a critic of affirmative...
    13 KB (1,417 words) - 18:05, 3 January 2023
  • Achievement gaps in the United States are observed, persistent disparities in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U.S. students, especially...
    58 KB (6,932 words) - 21:16, 29 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for 1996 California Proposition 209
    1996 California Proposition 209 (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    was the first electoral test of affirmative action policies in North America. It passed with 55% in favor to 45% opposed, thereby banning affirmative action...
    31 KB (2,998 words) - 05:47, 1 April 2024
  • landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the court held that race-based affirmative action programs in college admissions processes...
    77 KB (7,425 words) - 03:19, 8 April 2024
  • White backlash (category Affirmative action in the United States)
    placenames or colonial statues and the Afrikaans language with English at "historically white universities". Affirmative action bake sale Angry white male Birtherism...
    17 KB (1,739 words) - 09:42, 6 May 2024
  • of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action and race- and sex-based discrimination in public university admissions. In a 6-2...
    13 KB (1,270 words) - 01:52, 2 January 2024
  • on affirmative action consistently coincide with the way that libertarians view the state as a coercive power. Many libertarians believe that the state...
    7 KB (797 words) - 18:08, 11 January 2024
  • Affirmative action refers to activities or policies that seek to help groups that are often affected by discrimination obtain equal access to opportunities...
    32 KB (2,712 words) - 20:39, 1 February 2024
  • include the statute of limitations, the statute of frauds, waiver, and other affirmative defenses such as, in the United States, those listed in Rule 8...
    10 KB (1,161 words) - 21:57, 8 August 2023
  • United Steelworkers of America v. Weber, 443 U.S. 193 (1979), was a case regarding affirmative action in which the United States Supreme Court held that...
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  • Thumbnail for List of states and territories of the United States
    The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States)...
    41 KB (1,921 words) - 01:42, 5 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Executive Order 11246
    Executive Order 11246 (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    religion, sex or national origin." The phrase affirmative action had appeared previously in Executive Order 10925 in 1961. It followed up Executive Order...
    9 KB (943 words) - 19:57, 25 April 2023
  • Thumbnail for Diversity, equity, and inclusion
    Diversity, equity, and inclusion (category Affirmative action)
    grounds. DEI policy emerged from Affirmative Action in the United States. The legal term "affirmative action" was first used in "Executive Order No. 10925"...
    87 KB (8,540 words) - 20:11, 5 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for 2020 California Proposition 16
    2020 California Proposition 16 (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    Therefore, Proposition 209 banned the use of race- and gender-based affirmative action in California's public sector. The legislatively referred state constitutional...
    65 KB (5,674 words) - 04:08, 13 April 2024
  • acceptable. More recently, the term color blind has appeared in United States Supreme Court opinions involving affirmative action, in opinions that support...
    37 KB (4,374 words) - 17:30, 14 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Legacy preferences
    Legacy preferences (category Affirmative action in the United States)
    athletic recruiting or affirmative action. One study of three selective private research universities in the United States showed the following effects (admissions...
    29 KB (3,159 words) - 23:11, 3 March 2024
  • Richard Kahlenberg (category Affirmative action in the United States)
    (2000). Affirmative action in the United States Albert Shanker Labour movement New York City teachers' strike of 1968 Progressivism in the United States Lartey...
    9 KB (951 words) - 05:35, 24 April 2024
  • Chinese for Affirmative Action (CAA) is a San Francisco–based advocacy organization. Founded in 1969, its initial goals were equality of access to employment...
    6 KB (556 words) - 22:53, 12 January 2024
  • Executive Order 10925 (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    business of America. Executive Order 8802 Affirmative action in the United States Executive order (United States) http://shfg.org/shfg/wp-content/upload...
    4 KB (374 words) - 10:42, 2 May 2024
  • Revised Philadelphia Plan (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    in October. Affirmative action Ethnic penalty "Philadelphia Plan | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved December 5, 2018. "The Philadelphia...
    4 KB (357 words) - 09:10, 9 July 2023
  • Thumbnail for Cutting the Mustard
    Cutting the Mustard: Affirmative Action and the Nature of Excellence is a 1987 non-fiction book by civil libertarian and United States lawyer Marjorie...
    17 KB (1,824 words) - 21:16, 10 November 2021
  • Thumbnail for Ward Connerly
    Ward Connerly (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    anti-affirmative action activist, businessman, and former University of California Regent (1993–2005). He is also the founder and the chairman of the American...
    31 KB (3,185 words) - 20:46, 26 October 2023
  • Rachels posited that reverse discrimination as a factor in affirmative action in the United States may disadvantage some Whites, but without it, African...
    20 KB (2,166 words) - 04:36, 3 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
    Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (category Affirmative action in the United States)
    today, was created in 1978 with Executive Order 12086 by President Jimmy Carter through a consolidation of all the Affirmative Action enforcement responsibilities...
    13 KB (1,166 words) - 15:43, 29 February 2024
  • Scoutreach (category Affirmative action in the United States)
    American populations in partnerships with the NAACP, various African American churches and other groups. The Hispanic/Latino Focus includes the ¡Scouting - Vale...
    15 KB (1,519 words) - 19:21, 3 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Michigan Civil Rights Initiative
    Michigan Civil Rights Initiative (category History of affirmative action in the United States)
    appeal to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States granted certiorari in Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action on March 25...
    47 KB (5,151 words) - 05:49, 16 April 2024
  • outlets in the United States is the concept of having ownership of media outlets to reflect the demographic population of the area which the media serves...
    30 KB (4,201 words) - 17:59, 1 February 2024