Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages, Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd to 1st millennium BC) and Younger Avestan...

The Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE) is the period in the history of the Iranians when the Avesta was produced. It saw important contributions to...

Avestan geography refers to the investigation of place names in the Avesta and the attempt to connect them to real-world geographical sites. It is therefore...

display the uncommon Unicode characters in this article correctly. The Avestan alphabet (Middle Persian: transliteration: dyn' dpywryh, transcription:...

primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. The Avesta texts fall into several different categories, arranged...

transcription delimiters. This article deals with the phonology of Avestan. Avestan is one of the Iranian languages and retained archaic voiced alveolar...

Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Of the Middle Iranian languages, the better...

name of an Indo-Iranian divinity that predates the Rigvedic Mitrá and Avestan Mithra. The names, and some characteristics, of these established deities...

Baháʼí Faith, he is also considered a prophet. He was a native speaker of Avestan and lived in the eastern part of the Iranian plateau, but his exact birthplace...

Asha (/ˈʌʃə/) or arta (/ˈɑːrtə/; Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬀 Aṣ̌a / Arta) is a Zoroastrian concept with a complex and highly nuanced range of meaning. It is commonly...

and benevolent deity of wisdom, commonly referred to as "Ahura Mazda" (Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬋 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬃), as the universe's supreme being; opposed to Ahura...

The Gathas (/ˈɡɑːtəz, -tɑːz/) are 17 Avestan hymns traditionally believed to have been composed by the prophet Zarathushtra (Zoroaster). They form the...

Arya (Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀, airiia; Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹, ariyaʰ; Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭫‎, er; Parthian: 𐭀𐭓𐭉‎, ary; Bactrian: αρια, aria;) was the...

Xwedodah (Persian: خویدوده; khwēdōdah; Avestan: xᵛae¯tuuadaθa) is a spiritually-influenced style of consanguine marriage assumed to have been historically...

Angra Mainyu (/ˈæŋrə ˈmaɪnjuː/; Avestan: 𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀⸱𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 Aŋra Mainiiu) or Ahriman (Persian: اهريمن) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis...

Avestan is a Unicode block containing characters devised for recording the Zoroastrian religious texts, Avesta, and was used to write the Middle Persian...

Aeshma (Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma; Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 aēšəma) is the Younger Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's demon of "wrath". As a hypostatic...

Avestan asha), the sacred plant and drink *sawHma- (Sanskrit Soma, Avestan Haoma) and gods of social order such as *mitra- (Sanskrit Mitra, Avestan and...

Turan (Avestan: Tūiriiānəm; Middle Persian: Tūrān; Persian: توران, romanized: Turân, pronounced [tʰuːˈɾɒːn], "The Land of Tur") is a historical region...

A daeva (Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 daēuua) is a Zoroastrian supernatural entity with disagreeable characteristics. In the Gathas, the oldest texts of the...

during the Middle Iranian era (4th century BC to 9th century AD). The Avestan language is often classified as early Eastern Iranian. As opposed to the...

Mithra (Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 Miθra, Old Persian: 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miθra), commonly known as Mehr or Mithras among Romans, is an ancient Iranian deity of covenants...

Yasna (/ˈjʌsnə/; Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's principal act of worship. It is also the name of the primary liturgical...

Haoma (/ˈhoʊmə/; Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀) is a divine plant in Zoroastrianism and in later Persian culture and mythology. Haoma has its origins in Indo-Iranian...

exegesis in the Avestan language itself includes Yasna 19–21, which is a set of three Younger Avestan commentaries on the three Gathic Avestan 'high prayers'...

Ahura (Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀) is an Avestan language designation of a type of deity inherited by Zoroastrianism from the prehistoric Indo-Iranian religion...

classical Indo-Iranian languages, including Sanskrit, Old Persian language and Avestan. In modern-day Hindustani and other Indo-Aryan languages, pati and patni...

removed less than a millennium from Vedic Sanskrit (of the Rigveda) and Old Avestan (of the Gathas), its descendants. It is the ancestor of Indo-Aryan languages...

Vohu Manah (Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 vohu manah) is the Avestan language term for a Zoroastrian concept, generally translated as "Good Purpose", "Good...

The Yasna Haptanghaiti (Yasna Haptaŋhāiti), Avestan for "Worship in Seven Chapters," is a set of seven hymns within the greater Yasna collection, that...