distinction between communal roosting and cooperative breeding is the absence of chicks in communal roosts. While communal roosting is generally observed...

urbanization into the western part of North America. Crows gather in large communal roosts numbering between 200 and tens of thousands of individuals during nonbreeding...

predators, exchange information about food sources. Communal displays (pre-roosting and post-roosting) consist of aerial maneuvers which are exhibited in...

adults form communal roosts nightly. Communal roosting occurs when individuals aggregate at a particular site for more than a few hours. Roosting begins as...

marine mammals. Communal roosting is common because it lowers the loss of body heat and decreases the risks associated with predators. Roosting sites are often...

Robert D. (22 July 2012). "The benefit of being a social butterfly: communal roosting deters predation". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological...

analysis" and "massive data resources." A communally roosting species, the passenger pigeon chose roosting sites that could provide shelter and enough...

Look up roost in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Roost may refer to: Human to rest or sleep. Roosting, resting behavior of birds Communal roosting, a behavior...

and Turkey Vultures. Living Bird 17:79–84. Buckley, N. J. (1994). Communal roosting in vultures and the part played by information exchange in the evolution...

2010-07-03. Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B. (1985). "Population ecology and communal roosting behaviour of pariah kite Milvus migrans govinda in Pune (Maharashtra)"...

(1976). "Communal roosting of Red-whiskered Bulbuls". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 16 (4): 11–12. Neelakantan, K.K. (1976). "Communal roosting in the Red-whiskered...

after fledging. Communal roosting has been observed in three species (and may occur in more), with as many as 20 birds sharing a roosting hole in order...

information centre hypothesis was widely accepted and used to explain communal roosting behaviour, however this popularity also led to substantial criticism...

single roost site was shown to be slightly higher than between different roosts. However, this homogeny is relatively low for a communal roosting bird in...

chosen communal roosting site. Flocks increase in size in autumn with different groups amalgamating and birds congregating at dusk before roosting, often...

S2CID 83710717. Parejo, D.; Avilés, J.M.; Ferrero, J.J.; Rivera, D. (2001). "Communal roosting and diet of Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus wintering in the...

resulting from the congregation of large numbers of individuals in communal roosting sites located in urban areas, has become a source of complaints by...

He performed doctoral research on ecosystem ecology, studying how communally roosting crows in New York affect the environment. Eisenkop wrote an article...

breeding season. Australo-Papuan babblers construct large nests for communal roosting, and these nests may be used for breeding, or new nests may be constructed...

JSTOR 2424254. Young, L. S.; Engel, K. A. (1988). Implications of communal roosting by Common Ravens to operation and maintenance of Pacific Power and...

structures and trees provide adequate nesting and roosting sites. Reedbeds are also favoured for roosting and the birds commonly feed in grassy areas such...

into the water for an instant while in flight. Swallows gather in communal roosts after breeding, sometimes thousands strong. Reed beds are regularly...

Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 978-84-96553-06-4 Powesland, R.G. (2002). "Communal roosting by South Island fantails ( Rhipidura fuliginosa fuliginosa)" (PDF)...

Europe, merlins will roost communally in winter, often with hen harriers (Circus cyaneus). In North America, communal roosting is rare. Merlins rely...

broods. Cold can be a problem for small birds that do not migrate. Communal roosting in tight huddles can help conserve heat and several nuthatch species...

the communal roosting benefits are unlikely to be acquired equally by all birds. The breeding male is usually the first to enter the roosting tree,...

density and longevity of communal roosting sites in both urban and rural locations, suggests that the fecal deposits at roosting sites may represent a CWD...

magpie is gregarious and roosts communally. There may be a cluster of communal roosts in one general area made up of a central roost containing many birds...

2018-06-03. Retrieved 2009-05-31. Gadgil, Madhav; Salim Ali (1975). "Communal roosting habits of Indian birds". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72 (3): 716–727...

Flocks increase in size in autumn and birds congregate at dusk for communal roosting, with up to several thousand individuals gathering at one site. At...