• Thumbnail for Ekman layer
    The Ekman layer is the layer in a fluid where there is a force balance between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and turbulent drag. It was first...
    14 KB (1,911 words) - 19:22, 20 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ekman spiral
    d{\displaystyle d} is defined as the thickness of the Ekman layer. A number of important properties of the Ekman spiral will follow from this solution: When z→0{\displaystyle...
    10 KB (1,748 words) - 16:49, 27 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ekman transport
    Ekman transport is part of Ekman motion theory, first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Winds are the main source of energy for ocean circulation...
    19 KB (2,644 words) - 13:22, 3 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Boundary layer
    inertia), an Ekman layer forms. In the theory of heat transfer, a thermal boundary layer occurs. A surface can have multiple types of boundary layer simultaneously...
    47 KB (7,118 words) - 20:46, 19 March 2024
  • the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail). Typically, due to aerodynamic drag, there is a wind...
    21 KB (2,073 words) - 17:13, 29 February 2024
  • oceanographer Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874–1954). Through vertical eddy viscosity, winds act directly and frictionally on the Ekman layer, which typically is the...
    11 KB (1,468 words) - 03:51, 29 February 2024
  • clergyman Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874–1954), Swedish oceanographer Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman current meter Ekman transport Ekman number Ekman water bottle Eckman...
    1 KB (206 words) - 12:46, 2 September 2022
  • Thumbnail for Vagn Walfrid Ekman
    Vagn Walfrid Ekman (3 May 1874 – 9 March 1954) was a Swedish oceanographer. Born in Stockholm to Fredrik Laurentz Ekman, himself an oceanographer, he became...
    4 KB (293 words) - 06:18, 26 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for Wind shear
    verification] This layer where friction slows and changes the wind is known as the planetary boundary layer, sometimes the Ekman layer, and it is thickest...
    29 KB (3,359 words) - 04:23, 10 March 2024
  • also describes the order of magnitude for the thickness of an Ekman layer, a boundary layer in which viscous diffusion is balanced by Coriolis effects,...
    2 KB (301 words) - 02:02, 14 March 2023
  • cylinder. The Stewartson layer, typically, also connects different Ekman boundary layers in the axial direction. The layer was first identified by Ian...
    4 KB (718 words) - 10:59, 14 March 2024
  • The wind-driven horizontal transport in the mixed layer is approximately described by Ekman Layer dynamics in which vertical diffusion of momentum balances...
    7 KB (974 words) - 23:21, 4 October 2023
  • as the Ekman balance. Some important assumptions that underlie the Ekman balance are that there are no boundaries, an infinitely deep water layer, constant...
    24 KB (3,161 words) - 14:50, 27 March 2024
  • Coriolis–Stokes force Craik–Leibovich vortex force Downwelling Eddy Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation General circulation model...
    1 KB (119 words) - 00:52, 23 May 2023
  • leads to Ekman divergence (convergence), and water must rise from beneath to replace the old Ekman layer water. The expression for this Ekman pumping velocity...
    6 KB (819 words) - 07:01, 17 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Atlantic Ocean
    gyre. The southern subtropical gyre is partly masked by a wind-induced Ekman layer. The residence time of the gyre is 4.4–8.5 years. North Atlantic Deep...
    113 KB (12,286 words) - 16:29, 25 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Downwelling
    across the Ekman layer to be 90° to the right of wind stress in the Northern Hemisphere and 90° to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Ekman transport...
    27 KB (3,015 words) - 16:50, 27 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Dead water
    had his student, Vagn Walfrid Ekman, investigate. Ekman, who later described the effect now bearing his name as the Ekman spiral, demonstrated the effect...
    6 KB (710 words) - 22:59, 2 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Upwelling
    direction of the wind due to Coriolis forces and Ekman transport. Ekman transport causes the surface layer of water to move at about a 45 degree angle from...
    28 KB (3,527 words) - 07:07, 17 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Horizontal convective rolls
    model the Ekman layer flow and fluxes. The linear approximation, the eddy diffusivity equation with an eddy diffusion coefficient K, allowed Ekman to obtain...
    11 KB (1,314 words) - 22:09, 25 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Boundary current
    western boundary currents, since some form of dissipative effect (bottom Ekman layer) would be later shown to be necessary to predict a closed circulation...
    15 KB (2,012 words) - 18:20, 21 October 2023
  • friction with a time constant of about 7 days, the spin-down time of the Ekman layer. This spin-down time is the characteristic time for the transfer of atmospheric...
    10 KB (1,348 words) - 13:12, 29 April 2023
  • Thumbnail for Physical oceanography
    are absent on eastern boundaries. Also see secondary circulation effects. Ekman transport results in the net transport of surface water 90 degrees to the...
    31 KB (3,729 words) - 12:40, 26 February 2024
  • Echolocation (human) Eddy (fluid dynamics) Edge wave Eikonal equation Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation Electroencephalography...
    10 KB (37 words) - 10:52, 7 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Carbonate platform
    thermocline, for example at intermediate water depths below the ocean's mixed layer. The most important component of these platforms is fine-grained carbonate...
    32 KB (3,833 words) - 12:03, 28 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Geophysical fluid dynamics
    Geostrophic wind Taylor–Proudman theorem Hydrostatic equilibrium Ekman spiral Ekman layer Atmospheric circulation Ocean current Ocean dynamics Thermohaline...
    10 KB (1,066 words) - 19:39, 20 May 2022
  • Theory on the formation of rivers due to Earth's rotation Ekman layer – Force equilibrium layer in a liquid Secondary flow – Relatively minor flow superimposed...
    8 KB (763 words) - 14:59, 25 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Atmosphere of Jupiter
    return flow in the cells' lower branch is balanced by friction in the Ekman layer, the balance in Jupiter in yet unknown, but one possibility is that the...
    122 KB (14,176 words) - 00:30, 11 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Bahama Banks
    Coriolis–Stokes force Craik–Leibovich vortex force Downwelling Eddy Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation General circulation model...
    5 KB (517 words) - 14:24, 12 March 2024
  • called the wind profile or wind gradient. "AMS Glossary of Meteorology, Ekman layer". American Meteorological Association. Retrieved 2015-02-15. Brown, G...
    35 KB (4,276 words) - 16:29, 29 February 2024