• Thumbnail for Ekman transport
    Ekman transport is part of Ekman motion theory, first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Winds are the main source of energy for ocean circulation...
    19 KB (2,644 words) - 13:22, 3 February 2024
  • a northward Ekman transport in the NEC and a southward Ekman transport in the SEC take place. Due to the fact that the Ekman transport is perpendicular...
    12 KB (1,389 words) - 07:50, 18 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Downwelling
    cycles. Two primary mechanisms transport water downward: buoyancy forcing and wind-driven Ekman transport (i.e., Ekman pumping). Downwelling has important...
    27 KB (3,015 words) - 16:50, 27 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Physical oceanography
    boundaries. Also see secondary circulation effects. Ekman transport results in the net transport of surface water 90 degrees to the right of the wind...
    31 KB (3,729 words) - 12:40, 26 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ekman layer
    described by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Ekman layers occur both in the atmosphere and in the ocean. There are two types of Ekman layers. The first type occurs...
    14 KB (1,911 words) - 19:22, 20 March 2024
  • This phenomenon is called the Ekman spiral. The Ekman transport can be obtained from vertically integrating the Ekman balance, giving: UE=τyfρD,VE=−τxfρD...
    24 KB (3,161 words) - 14:50, 27 March 2024
  • Next, the Ekman transport is obtained by integrating the Ekman velocity from the bottom level (z=zb{\displaystyle z=z_{b}\,}) – at which the Ekman velocity...
    11 KB (1,468 words) - 03:51, 29 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Upwelling
    that work together to cause upwelling are wind, Coriolis effect, and Ekman transport. They operate differently for different types of upwelling, but the...
    28 KB (3,527 words) - 07:07, 17 February 2024
  • vertically integrated meridional mass transport including the geostrophic interior mass transport and the Ekman mass transport; z^{\displaystyle {\hat {\boldsymbol...
    6 KB (819 words) - 07:01, 17 February 2024
  • clergyman Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874–1954), Swedish oceanographer Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman current meter Ekman transport Ekman number Ekman water bottle Eckman...
    1 KB (206 words) - 12:46, 2 September 2022
  • Thumbnail for Somali Current
    Somalia and Oman. As a result, an Ekman transport is created to the right of the wind. At the center of the jet, the transport is maximum and decreases to the...
    22 KB (2,937 words) - 20:02, 28 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for Vagn Walfrid Ekman
    Vagn Walfrid Ekman (3 May 1874 – 9 March 1954) was a Swedish oceanographer. Born in Stockholm to Fredrik Laurentz Ekman, himself an oceanographer, he became...
    4 KB (293 words) - 06:18, 26 December 2023
  • – A downward movement (sinking) of surface water caused by onshore Ekman transport, converging currents or when a water mass becomes more dense than the...
    55 KB (7,794 words) - 20:29, 16 March 2024
  • in summer. Its dynamics is governed by turbulent mixing as well as Ekman transport, exchanges with the overlying atmosphere, and horizontal advection...
    7 KB (974 words) - 23:21, 4 October 2023
  • Thumbnail for California Current
    upwelling index" is based on a 20-year average of the monthly mean Ekman transport for different regions off the California coast since the 1970s. It...
    12 KB (1,525 words) - 01:54, 6 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    equatorial upwelling mechanisms. Coastal upwelling occurs as a result of Ekman transport along the interface between land and a wind-driven current. In the...
    109 KB (12,770 words) - 12:45, 8 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Equatorial Counter Current
    mass transport per unit latitude, M, as the east-west integral of the meridional derivative of wind stress curl, minus any Ekman transport. The Ekman transport...
    12 KB (1,595 words) - 02:14, 12 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Beaufort Gyre
    Arctic water. Variations in the Ekman transport change the sea surface height and depth of the halocline, resulting in Ekman pumping. During anticyclonic...
    11 KB (1,377 words) - 05:19, 17 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Drake Passage
    the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). As a result of Ekman Transport, water gets transported northward from the ACC (on the left-hand side while facing...
    24 KB (2,634 words) - 03:08, 26 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for North Pacific Gyre
    circulation is also associated with equatorward Sverdrup transport and Ekman downwelling. Ekman transport causes water to flow toward the center of the gyre...
    9 KB (1,906 words) - 18:05, 28 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ocean gyre
    transport (Sverdrup transport) is negative (south, equatorward) in the northern hemisphere (f>0{\displaystyle f>0}). Conversely, for a positive Ekman...
    63 KB (8,013 words) - 18:03, 28 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Benguela Current
    Africa vary chaotically. Northward winds along the coast result in Ekman transport offshore and upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water to the euphotic...
    10 KB (1,131 words) - 07:42, 18 January 2024
  • northward due to the Ekman volume transport mostly directed in that way. When the AAIW is initially formed, the ACC is able to transport the AAIW into all...
    8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:42, 11 July 2021
  • Coriolis–Stokes force Craik–Leibovich vortex force Downwelling Eddy Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation General circulation model...
    1 KB (119 words) - 00:52, 23 May 2023
  • Thumbnail for El Niño–Southern Oscillation
    the trade winds and the Coriolis effect. This process is known as Ekman transport. Colder water from deeper in the ocean rises along the continental...
    194 KB (21,050 words) - 19:40, 27 March 2024
  • parallel to the coast can generate wind-driven currents that create an Ekman transport away from the coast. This moves the upper water mass away from the...
    28 KB (3,367 words) - 05:51, 17 February 2024
  • (human) Eddy (fluid dynamics) Edge wave Eikonal equation Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation Electroencephalography Electromagnetic...
    10 KB (37 words) - 10:52, 7 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Boundary current
    fishery over the Gulf of Maine and Uruguay. Oceans portal Ekman transport – Net transport of surface water perpendicular to wind direction Ocean gyre –...
    15 KB (2,012 words) - 18:20, 21 October 2023
  • Thumbnail for Eddy diffusion
    large distances, the most efficient transport mechanism is the wind-driven circulation. Convergent Ekman transport in subtropical gyres turns these into...
    54 KB (7,739 words) - 13:23, 4 January 2024
  • eventually bring nutrient-rich wastes back into the photic zone. The Ekman transport additionally brings more nutrients to the photic zone. Nutrient pulse...
    25 KB (2,954 words) - 14:11, 6 March 2024