Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells. Cells first emerged at least 3.8 billion years ago...

81% of the total biomass of Earth. Eukaryotes range in size from single cells to organisms weighing many tons Prokaryotes (small cylindrical cells, bacteria...

between cells that appear to be used for transfer of DNA from one cell to another. Another archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus, transfers DNA between cells by...

up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. Another major theme is evolution, which...

important distinction between germ cells that give rise to gametes (such as sperm and egg cells) and the somatic cells of the body, demonstrating that heredity...

proteins. Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them after their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory...

single-celled propagule; this single cell asexually reproduces by undergoing 2–5 rounds of mitosis as a small clump of non-motile cells, then all cells become...

provided as an overview of and topical guide to evolution: In biology, evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological organisms over...

skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. Muscle cells develop from embryonic precursor cells called myoblasts...

theories to explain the evolution of cells, for instance in the pre-cell theory, dealing with the evolution of the first cells on this planet, and in the...

this pre-cell population the three founder groups A, B, C and then, from them, the precursor cells (here named proto-cells) of the three domains of life emerged...

formation of colonies of identical cells. These cells can form group organisms through cell adhesion. The individual members of a colony are capable of surviving...

immobile cells that contain the nutrients and cellular components necessary for a developing embryo. Egg cells are often associated with other cells which...

nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. Some cells in some multicellular organisms...

even photoreceptor cells may have evolved more than once from molecularly similar chemoreceptor cells. Probably, photoreceptor cells existed long before...

is called a spermatozoan. Sperm cells are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. Human sperm cells can survive within the female reproductive...

directly on the protein or RNA without any cells (in vitro evolution). During in vivo evolution, each cell (usually bacteria or yeast) is transformed...

haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also...

Darwin's is with evolution." In particular, Margulis transformed and fundamentally framed current understanding of the evolution of cells with nuclei – an...

Woese, Carl; Gogarten, J. Peter (October 21, 1999). "When did eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei and other internal organelles) first evolve? What do we know...

reproduction in flowering plants involves the union of the male and female germ cells, sperm and egg cells respectively. Pollen is produced in stamens and...

Margulis, Lynn (1974). "Five-Kingdom Classification and the Origin and Evolution of Cells". In Dobzhansky, Theodosius; Hecht, Max K.; Steere, William C. (eds...

Retrieved 2012-04-13. Cooper, Geoffrey M. (2000). "The Origin and Evolution of Cells". The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates. Bengtson...

The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events...

Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid...

immune cells known as T cells. The body's cells constantly display short fragments of their proteins on the cell's surface, and, if a T cell recognises...

spherical collection of lipids proposed as a rudimentary precursor to cells during the origin of life. A central question in evolution is how simple protocells...

cell wall means that the cells have irregular shapes, and can resemble amoebae. Some species form aggregates or filaments of cells up to 200 μm long. These...

rest of the taxa in the tree, or by introducing additional assumptions about the relative rates of evolution on each branch, such as an application of the...

inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown. It is not found in all cell types. Some cells, such as the conducting cells in xylem, possess...