exhaustive list of the forms of bipedalism, but most bipedal species use one or more of these techniques. Facultative bipedalism occurs in some species of antbears...

quadruped 'four feet'. Limited and exclusive bipedalism can offer a species several advantages. Bipedalism raises the head; this allows a greater field...

consistent with habitual bipedalism. However, recent postcranial evidence suggests characteristics consistent with habitual bipedalism and arboreal clambering...

Nonetheless, it remains a matter of controversy as to how bipedalism first emerged. The advantages of bipedalism were that it left the hands free to grasp objects...

Homo habilis, an advanced grasping-capable hand was accompanied by facultative bipedalism, possibly implying, assuming a co-opted evolutionary relationship...

have occasionally walked on its hind legs as a facultative biped. Other possible adaptations to bipedalism in Euparkeria include rows of osteoderms that...

danger or foraging), Protoceratops could have employed a rapid, facultative bipedalism. He also noted that the flat and wide pedal unguals of Protoceratops...

zeugopodium, or lower leg. This would have enabled facultative bipedalism in Prorotodactylus, and a wholly bipedal gait in later dinosauromorphs. Pace angulation...

Protoceratops juveniles indicates that protoceratopsids were able to employ facultative bipedalism when young and became obligate quadrupeds in adulthood. However...

dictionary. As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym facultative) and is used mainly in biology in phrases such as: Obligate aerobe, an...

mechanisms underpinning the evolutionary transition from obligatory or facultative bipedalism to an obligatory quadrupedalism in sauropodomorphs is published...

supports the idea of a burrowing lifestyle. It is also proposed that facultative bipedalism occurred in Mesenosaurus. This is based on the presence of a rearward...

and the presence of her abductable hallux, that "Ardi" was a facultative biped: bipedal when moving on the ground, but quadrupedal when moving about in...

and the ground pangolin commonly show an alternating bipedal gait. In humans, alternating bipedalism is characterized by a bobbing motion, which is due...

scelidosaur like animal walking in a bipedal manner, hinting that Scelidosaurus may have been more proficient at bipedalism than previously thought. The first...

primitive features that include basally small sized bodies, obligate bipedalism, and simple teeth with one row in operation at a time that are replaced...

a neo-Lamarckian model of evolution to try and explain the origin of bipedalism. Neo-Lamarckism remained influential in biology until the 1940s when the...

J. Hooker) found from micro-CT scans that Anoplotherium being a facultative bipedal browser was not supported by the trabecular architecture of the proximal...

early archosauriforms walked on four limbs, euparkeriids were probably facultative bipeds that had the ability to walk on their hind limbs at times. The...

indicating that Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus was bipedal while Tijubina pontei was facultatively bipedal. Augé, Dion & Phélizon (2021) describe the lizard...