Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction...

light. Classical optics is divided into two main branches: geometrical (or ray) optics and physical (or wave) optics. In geometrical optics, light is considered...

In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to...

curvature of wavefronts is only fully valid in geometrical optics, not in Gaussian beam optics or in wave optics, where the wavefront at the focus is wavelength-dependent...

The angle of incidence, in geometric optics, is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface...

camera model Radius of curvature (optics) Vergence (optics) Greivenkamp, John E. (2004). Field Guide to Geometrical Optics. SPIE Field Guides vol. FG01. SPIE...

development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look'. Optics was significantly...

In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image...

In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is a point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge. Although the focus...

describing mechanical vibrations, and oscillations in electrical circuits. Geometrical optics provides further matrix applications. In this approximative theory...

coefficient refers to a chemical reaction overcoming a potential barrier; in optics and telecommunications it is the amplitude of a wave transmitted through...

the right radius of curvature is negative. Note however that in areas of optics other than design, other sign conventions are sometimes used. In particular...

large core diameter (greater than 10 micrometers) may be analyzed by geometrical optics. Such fiber is called multi-mode fiber, from the electromagnetic analysis...

In physics, mirror images are investigated in the subject called geometrical optics. More fundamentally in geometry and mathematics they form the principal...

In geometric optics, stigmatism refers to the image-formation property of an optical system which focuses a single point source in one phase optics space...

In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisted of a single lens) is a hole or an opening that primarily limits light propagated...

exclusively concerned with the particle aspect of light physics – known as geometrical optics. Treating light, at its basic level, as particles bouncing around...

for aberration. Aberration can be analyzed with the techniques of geometrical optics. The articles on reflection, refraction and caustics discuss the general...

The electron particle trajectory formula matches the formula for geometrical optics with a suitable electron-optical index of refraction.: 745  This index...

Hamiltonian optics and Lagrangian optics are two formulations of geometrical optics which share much of the mathematical formalism with Hamiltonian mechanics...

In optics, a caustic or caustic network is the envelope of light rays which have been reflected or refracted by a curved surface or object, or the projection...

In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (/ˈkoʊmə/), or comatic aberration, in an optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs...

This article summarizes equations used in optics, including geometric optics, physical optics, radiometry, diffraction, and interferometry. There are...

as it propagates through an optical medium. The geometrical optical-path length or simply geometrical path length (GPD) is the length of a segment in...

Association (IrDA) standards Infrared remote control Security alarms Fibre optics Laser pointer Laser sight List of applications for lasers Beam diameter...

In geometric optics, the paraxial approximation is a small-angle approximation used in Gaussian optics and ray tracing of light through an optical system...

mechanics. The orthogonality of mechanical trajectories characteristic of geometrical optics to the optical wavefronts characteristic of a full wave equation,...

In optics, optical path length (OPL, denoted Λ in equations), also known as optical length or optical distance, is the length that light needs to travel...

Gaussian optics is a technique in geometrical optics that describes the behaviour of light rays in optical systems by using the paraxial approximation...

incident wave, with each expressed as phasors. For example, it is used in optics to calculate the amount of light that is reflected from a surface with a...