• Thumbnail for Kristian Birkeland
    Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (born 13 December 1867 – 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian scientist, professor of physics at the Royal Fredriks University...
    19 KB (2,272 words) - 16:25, 5 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Birkeland current
    currents were predicted in 1908 by Norwegian explorer and physicist Kristian Birkeland, who undertook expeditions north of the Arctic Circle to study the...
    22 KB (2,434 words) - 06:21, 20 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Birkeland–Eyde process
    acceptor. It was developed by Norwegian industrialist and scientist Kristian Birkeland along with his business partner Sam Eyde in 1903, based on a method...
    10 KB (1,081 words) - 19:50, 28 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Terrella
    developed 300 years later by the Norwegian scientist and explorer Kristian Birkeland, while investigating the aurora. Terrellas have been used until the...
    6 KB (593 words) - 18:07, 3 March 2024
  • Bjarte Birkeland, a Norwegian literary researcher Eva Birkeland, a Norwegian civil servant Halvor Birkeland, a Norwegian sailor Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian...
    1 KB (181 words) - 00:08, 13 June 2020
  • 2017. Yara Birkeland is named after its owners Yara International and its founder, Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland. Yara Birkeland sails between...
    9 KB (620 words) - 17:06, 22 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Solar wind
    both ions and electrons was first suggested by Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland. His geomagnetic surveys showed that auroral activity was almost uninterrupted...
    54 KB (6,518 words) - 19:31, 6 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for History of fertilizer
    known as Thomas-phosphate. The Birkeland–Eyde process was developed by Norwegian industrialist and scientist Kristian Birkeland along with his business partner...
    15 KB (1,830 words) - 21:04, 14 December 2023
  • shows a portrait of Kristian Birkeland against a stylized pattern of the aurora borealis and a very large snowflake. Birkeland's terrella experiment,...
    21 KB (1,425 words) - 13:55, 2 May 2023
  • transient, third radiation belt, which persisted for four weeks. Kristian Birkeland, Carl Størmer, Nicholas Christofilos, and Enrico Medi had investigated...
    38 KB (4,488 words) - 17:18, 19 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Crookes tube
    Julius Plücker, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Kristian Birkeland and others to discover the properties of cathode rays, culminating...
    33 KB (4,110 words) - 03:00, 30 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Aurora
    ground data and serves as a general measure of auroral activity. Kristian Birkeland deduced that the currents flowed in the east–west directions along...
    104 KB (12,305 words) - 14:55, 27 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Sam Eyde
    Eyde met with Kristian Birkeland, who was a scientist, inventor and professor of physics at the University of Christiania. Birkeland was working on developing...
    8 KB (673 words) - 15:57, 12 February 2023
  • Thumbnail for Substorm
    auroral arcs. Substorms were first described in qualitative terms by Kristian Birkeland which he called polar elementary storms. Sydney Chapman used the term...
    5 KB (544 words) - 20:10, 19 October 2022
  • gyrofrequencies much lower than the ion-neutral collision frequency. Kristian Birkeland was the first to suggest that polar electric currents (or auroral...
    4 KB (457 words) - 19:27, 8 December 2023
  • 1991 novel by Howard Norman The Northern Lights, a 2002 biography of Kristian Birkeland by Lucy Jago Northern lights chord, an 11-note chord Northern Lights...
    6 KB (758 words) - 22:30, 10 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Norway
    Carl Anton Bjerknes, Christopher Hansteen, William Zachariasen and Kristian Birkeland, the neuroscientists May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser, and the chemists...
    203 KB (19,714 words) - 04:33, 25 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Richard Birkeland
    professor Kristian Birkeland (1867–1917). In 1909, he married Agnes Hoff (1883–1980). Their son Øivind (1910–2004) was a civil engineer. Birkeland, Bent....
    3 KB (242 words) - 17:15, 17 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Vemork
    factory producing artificial fertilizer by a new method invented by Kristian Birkeland. Later, Norsk Hydro developed and realized another project: the production...
    9 KB (1,073 words) - 15:15, 21 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Yara International
    Eyde, Kristian Birkeland, and Marcus Wallenberg Sr.. In 1903, Birkeland and Eyde had developed direct nitrogen fixation, called the Birkeland–Eyde process...
    35 KB (3,381 words) - 11:19, 28 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Norsk Hydro
    had been developed by the Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland. The method is still known as the Birkeland–Eyde process. The process required large amounts...
    21 KB (2,271 words) - 02:01, 25 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Rjukan–Notodden Industrial Heritage Site
    producing fertilizer through nitrogen fixation. The Birkeland-Eyde process, named for scientist Kristian Birkeland (1867-1917) and industry tycoon Sam Eyde (1866-1940)...
    11 KB (1,233 words) - 16:33, 15 January 2024
  • electrons is emitted from the Sun. He may have been unaware that Kristian Birkeland had speculated three years earlier that the solar wind might be a...
    34 KB (3,683 words) - 14:17, 4 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Coilgun
    the coilgun, the first of which was invented by Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland at the University of Kristiania (today Oslo). The invention was officially...
    34 KB (3,941 words) - 13:28, 15 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Kåfjord, Alta
    Kåfjord, is a restored Northern Lights Observatory, established by Kristian Birkeland in 1899 and operational until 1926, when it was transferred to Tromsø...
    5 KB (368 words) - 11:05, 8 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Hannes Alfvén
    aurora (based on earlier work by Kristian Birkeland) was confirmed in 1967, these currents now being known as Birkeland currents. British scientist Sydney...
    29 KB (2,546 words) - 14:41, 1 February 2024
  • Arntzen. In 1893 he married Kristine Marie Birkeland, a daughter of Supreme Court Justice Laurits Birkeland. Their son Arne Meidell became a known industrial...
    3 KB (294 words) - 07:13, 26 December 2023
  • Earth's magnetic field. In the early twentieth century, these ideas led Kristian Birkeland to build a terrella, or laboratory device which simulates the Earth's...
    6 KB (770 words) - 12:46, 24 January 2024
  • Kyūkichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 10th Yokozuna (b. 1822) 1917 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist and academic (b. 1867) 1934 – Alfred Bruneau...
    48 KB (4,828 words) - 04:54, 1 February 2024
  • Thumbnail for Astrophysical plasma
    plasma state prior to recombination. Norwegian explorer and physicist Kristian Birkeland predicted that space is filled with plasma. He wrote in 1913: It seems...
    7 KB (735 words) - 17:33, 26 November 2023