A lingua franca (/ˌlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/; lit. 'Frankish tongue'; for plurals see § Usage notes), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language...

This is a list of lingua francas. A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a first language...

Beyliği), was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until...

literally 'Romans'). Both terms are endonyms of the pre-Islamic inhabitants of Anatolia, the Middle East and the Balkans and date to when those regions were parts...

Mount Ida in Crete, and Mount Ida in the ancient Troad region of western Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey), which was also known as the Phrygian Ida in classical...

vast conquests, Aramaic became the lingua franca of the Fertile Crescent and much of the Near East and parts of Anatolia, gradually pushing Akkadian, Hebrew...

left a rich literary inheritance. The language became the main language (lingua franca) of the Golden Horde. The Cumans were nomadic people who lived on...

area of 3.9 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles) from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central...

Akkadian, the contemporary lingua franca for international diplomacy. Arzawa never achieved political or military supremacy over Anatolia. The territory they...

although they showed perfunctory deference to the Caliph. Middle Persian was a lingua franca of the region before the Islamic invasion, but afterwards Arabic...

traders (756 BC) as well as Samsun, Rize and Amasra. Greek was the lingua franca of Anatolia from the conquests of Alexander the Great up to the invasion of...

population. The Turkification of Anatolia occurred in the time of the Seljuk Empire and Sultanate of Rum, when Anatolia had been a diverse and largely Greek-speaking...

Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, as well as some areas of southwestern Turkey (Anatolia), western and southern Iraq (Mesopotamia) and the northwestern corner of...

Empire, Latin had to compete with Greek, which largely kept its position as lingua franca and even spread to new areas. Latin became prominent in certain areas...

of Imperial Aramaic. Frye went on to reclassify Imperial Aramaic as the lingua franca used in the territories of the Achaemenid Empire, further suggesting...

founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans...

remained inside the kārum. The term kārum means "port" in Akkadian, the lingua franca of the time, but its meaning was later extended to refer to any trading...

community native to the geographical region of Cappadocia in central-eastern Anatolia; roughly the Nevşehir and Kayseri provinces, and their surroundings, in...

followers. Ismail's rise to power was made possible by the Turkoman tribes of Anatolia and Azerbaijan, who formed the most important part of the Qizilbash movement...

because their language was distinct from the contemporaneous lingua franca of western Anatolia. The classical Greek historian Demetrius of Scepsis, native...

Middle Assyrian Empire) throughout the later Bronze Age, and became the lingua franca of much of the Ancient Near East by the time of the Bronze Age collapse...

parts of Cyprus, some adjacent areas of Anatolia, and, at least as a prestige language, the rest of Anatolia. Phoenician was also spoken in the Phoenician...

from this language. The term is derived from earlier designations, such as lingua turcica agemica, or Turc Agemi, which was used in a grammar book composed...

Phrygian tonos or harmonia is named after the ancient kingdom of Phrygia in Anatolia. In Greek music theory, the harmonia given this name was based on a tonos...

an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding...

Semitic language—found in texts of the Assyrian colony of Kültepe in eastern Anatolia dating to the 20th century BC. Although no older written records of the...

original works of Aramean writers. Aramaic eventually replaced Akkadian as the lingua franca of the entire region and became the administrative and commercial...

Christendom, specifically the eastern regions where Greek was the lingua franca (Greece, Anatolia, the southern Balkans, the Levant, and Egypt) and the western...

the region. By the early 15th century, a new power had arisen in western Anatolia, the Ottoman emirs, who were linguistically Turkic and religiously Islamic...

as the "vernacular lingua franca" of the island.: 1886  Some Turkish Cypriots were uni-lingual in Greek. Emanating from Anatolia and evolved for four...