anthem, El Gran Carlemany. (Spanish: Marca Hispánica, Catalan: Marca Hispànica, Aragonese and Occitan: Marca Hispanica, Basque: Hispaniako Marka, French:...

between the Franks and the Moors. The Carolingian "Hispanic Marches" (Marca Hispánica) became a buffer zone ruled by a number of feudal lords, among them...

(1042–1043) Muhammad II, Emir (1043) 'Abd Allah II, Emir (1043–c.1106) Marca Hispanica County of Osona (complete list) – Guisla de Lluça, Count (1035–1054)...

Al-Hakam II, Caliph (961–976) Hisham II, Caliph (976–1008, 1010–1012) Marca Hispanica County of Osona (complete list) – Ermengol, Count (939–943) County...

County of Urgell, claiming to be the last independent survivor of The Marca Hispanica, established by Charlemagne, Urgell held a checkered banner of black...

historical Umayyad invasion of Gaul and subsequent conflict in the Marca Hispanica between the Frankish Empire and the Emirate of Córdoba. The term paladin...

Merseburg Marca Hispanica, or Spanish March, or March of Barcelona, created in 795 Marca Januensis, centred on Genoa, an alternative name for the Marca Obertenga...

France. Andorra claims it is the last independent survivor of the Marca Hispanica, a military buffer zone made up of counties, created by Charlemagne...

Islamic rule as Marca Superior of Al-Andalus or kingdom (or taifa) of Saraqusta, as lands that once belonged to the Frankish Marca Hispanica, counties that...

Latin: Comitatus Ruscinonensis) was one of the Catalan counties in the Marca Hispanica during the Middle Ages. The rulers of the county were the counts of...

important feature of those early relations was that counts from the Marca Hispanica and Navarre fought shoulder to shoulder with Frankish Kings (during...

Perthus Pyramid (French: la pyramide du Perthus), also referred to as Marca Hispanica and locally as Bofill's Pyramid, is a work of landscape architecture...

of Córdoba, facing the Christian lands of the Carolingian Empire's Marca Hispanica, the Asturo-Leonese marches of Castile and Álava, and the nascent autonomous...

of this era are the Castle of the Roc d'Enclar (part of the early Marca Hispanica), l'Anxiu in Les Escaldes and Roc de L'Oral in Encamp. The presence...

larger modern provincial name for the Septimania land of Gothia. Marca Hispanica, land in northern Spain whose inhabitants were considered Goths and...

the earliest-established of the Catalan Counties which formed the Marca Hispanica. The line was established by the Frankish noble Charles Rostan, Rostany...

from 897–911. A number of primitive feudal entities developed in the Marca Hispànica during the 9th century. They were generally agrarian, self-sufficient...

the Frankish Counts of Peralada who controlled this portion of the Marca Hispanica before becoming part of the lands held by the Count of Barcelona. Figueres...

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Christian counties against Islamic rule historiographically known as the Marca Hispanica. In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became progressively independent...

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example of the majority of the coenobitic monasteries then extant in the Marca Hispanica. This became the norm for monastic life in the following century. These...

as well as a number of counties that spawned from the Carolingian Marca Hispanica. Christian and Muslim polities fought and allied among themselves in...

Kingdom of León, the Kingdom of Portugal, the Kingdom of Aragon, the Marca Hispánica, and the Crown of Castile began a process of expansion and internal...

was an astronomer in late 10th century Barcelona, then part of the Marca Hispanica, the borderland of Christian France fronting Islamic al-Andalus. Lupitus...

the Frankish conquest of the Marca Hispanica Siege of Lleida (884) [ca], part of the Frankish conquest of the Marca Hispanica Siege of Lleida (942), part...

counties, including Pallars, Girona, and Urgell; it was called the Marca Hispanica by the late 8th century. They protected the eastern Pyrenees passes...

eventually surged upon the consolidation of counties of the Carolingian Marca Hispanica. For several centuries, the fluctuating frontier between the Muslim...

in 760. Upon the invasion of Hispania in 778, Charlemagne found the Marca Hispanica wasted by war and the inhabitants settled in the mountains. He granted...

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