media dubbed the spacecraft "Marsnik", a portmanteau of Mars and Sputnik. Mars 1M No.1, known in the West as Marsnik 1, Mars 1960A and Korabl 4, was...

Mars 1M No.1, designated Mars 1960A by NASA analysts and dubbed Marsnik 1 by the Western media, was the first spacecraft launched as part of the Soviet...

and failed to achieve orbit. The spacecraft were dubbed Marsnik by the Western media. Mars 1 was launched in 1962 but failed en route to Mars. Two other...

The first attempt at sending a probe to the surface of Mars, nicknamed "Marsnik 1," was by the USSR in 1960. The probe failed to reach Earth orbit, and...

Marsnik program Space exploration Unmanned space missions Krebs, Gunter. "Mars 1 (2MV-4 #1,2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved May 24, 2024. "Mars 1"...

26 (4): 558–590. doi:10.1093/hcr/26.4.558. Luthans, F.; Rubach, M. J.; Marsnik, P. (1995). "Going beyond total quality: The characteristics, techniques...

Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow. After the success of Sputnik 1 in October 1957, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, wanted a spacecraft...

found on Tsander's headstone in Kislovodsk. Tsander had begun work on the OR-1 experimental engine in 1929 while working at the Central Institute for Aircraft...

1918.: 1–2, 8  He worked as a high school mathematics teacher until retiring in 1920 at the age of 63. In 1921, he received a lifetime pension.: 1–2, 8 ...

became the first human to journey into outer space. Travelling on Vostok 1, Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961, with his flight taking...

military Almaz stations, which flew under the Salyut designation. Salyut 1, the first station in the program, became the world's first crewed space station...

contemporaries. In 1929–1930, while at the IAM, Zander worked on his first engine, OR-1, which ran on compressed air and gasoline and was based on a modified blowtorch...

program Mars program Phobos program Marsnik program Astron (spacecraft) Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories RELIKT-1 Venera Vega program Expendable launch...

the Moon without employing a huge booster like the Saturn V or the Soviet N-1 by repeatedly docking with upper stages that had been put in orbit using the...

First rocket research and development organization in the USSR. Created on 1 March 1921 in Moscow as the "Laboratory for the development of inventions...

Germany. In the summer of 1944, it became known that Nazi Germany used V-1 cruise missiles against Southern England. On 9 October 1944, following a decision...

also argued that the N-1 was not a workable solution because they could not develop RP-1/LOX engines on the scale of the Saturn F-1. When Korolev suggested...

ISBN 978-1-84115-087-1.[page needed] "European Users Guide to Low Gravity Platforms" (PDF). European Space Agency. 6 December 2005. pp. 1–3. Archived...

Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He invented the R-7 Rocket, Sputnik 1, and was involved in the launching of Laika, Sputnik 3, the first human-made...

sale of bicycle accessories and children's toys made in the workshop. On 1 March 1921, at the initiative of Tikhomirov, the workshop was transformed...

flown to an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) on board 15 scientific flights on R-1 rockets (itself a copy of the German V-2) from 1951 to 1956. The dogs wore...

placing the first human into space, Yuri Gagarin, in a single orbit in Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961. The Vostok capsule was developed from the Zenit spy satellite...

of August 2024[update], the corps has 25 "active" cosmonauts consisting of 1 woman and 24 men. All of the current members of the cosmonaut corps were selected...

important marker of claims by the Soviet Union to its superpower status.: 1  Soviet investigations into rocketry began with the formation of the Gas Dynamics...

Commissariat of Aviation Industry and renamed Scientific-Research Institute 1 (NII-1). The first Director of RNII was Ivan Kleymyonov, (1931–1937) the former...

during the interplanetary orbit. The Mars 1M programs (sometimes dubbed Marsnik in Western media) was the first Soviet uncrewed spacecraft interplanetary...

ISBN 978-1-78021-000-1. Britannica Educational Publishing (2009). crewed Spaceflight. Britannica Educational Publishing. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-1-61530-039-6...

Mir. London, UK: Fourth Estate Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84115-087-1. ASIN 1841150878. Linenger, Jerry (January 1, 2001). Off the Planet: Surviving Five Perilous...

the business of my life" Events and facts - A.I. Ostashev, Korolyov, 2001.[1]; "Baikonur. Korolev. Yangel." - M. I. Kuznetsk, Voronezh: IPF "Voronezh"...

way. No further offers were made to Finland. 1970 November 28 - Vertikal-1 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Solar mission. 1971 August 20 - Vertikal-2 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar...