scientific research, the null hypothesis (often denoted H0) is the claim that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis can also be described...

epistemological importance of the choice of null hypothesis has gone largely unacknowledged. When the null hypothesis is predicted by theory, a more precise...

recognized: Type I errors (null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true, giving a "false positive") and Type II errors (null hypothesis fails to be rejected...

In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p {\displaystyle p} -value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result...

-value by comparing T {\displaystyle T} to its distribution under the null hypothesis. The ranks are defined so that R i {\displaystyle R_{i}} is the number...

statistical hypothesis testing, two hypotheses are compared. These are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the...

statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were...

In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error, or a false positive, is the rejection of the null hypothesis when it is actually true. For example,...

valid when the test statistic is chi-squared distributed under the null hypothesis, specifically Pearson's chi-squared test and variants thereof. Pearson's...

the null hypothesis. The test of significance is designed to assess the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. Usually, the null hypothesis...

Among other contributions, the book introduced the concept of the null hypothesis in the context of the lady tasting tea experiment. A chapter is devoted...

determine if the tested data has an F-distribution under the true null hypothesis, and true customary assumptions about the error term (ε). It is most...

statistics, the power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis ( H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} ) when...

In statistical hypothesis testing, the null distribution is the probability distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true. For example...

distribution functions of two samples. The null distribution of this statistic is calculated under the null hypothesis that the sample is drawn from the reference...

different from what is to be expected under the null hypothesis; its probability (under the null hypothesis) does not exceed the significance level, i.e...

or false alarm ratio) is the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis for a particular test. The false positive rate is calculated as the...

corresponds to rejecting the null hypothesis, and a negative result corresponds to not rejecting the null hypothesis. The terms are often used interchangeably...

based on the ratio of their likelihoods. If the constraint (i.e., the null hypothesis) is supported by the observed data, the two likelihoods should not...

test, or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) is a nonparametric test of the null hypothesis that, for randomly selected values X and Y from two populations, the...

(FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple comparisons. FDR-controlling procedures...

tests. Let p = Pr(X > Y), and then test the null hypothesis H0: p = 0.50. In other words, the null hypothesis states that given a random pair of measurements...

statistical hypothesis test making use of the proof by contradiction. A permutation test involves two or more samples. The null hypothesis is that all...

It is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied...

statistical test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution. Z-test tests the mean...

Samuel Sanford Shapiro and Martin Wilk. The Shapiro–Wilk test tests the null hypothesis that a sample x1, ..., xn came from a normally distributed population...

results: either the null hypothesis is rejected (which however does not prove that the null hypothesis is false), or the null hypothesis cannot be rejected...

between the unrestricted estimate and its hypothesized value under the null hypothesis, where the weight is the precision of the estimate. Intuitively, the...

null hypothesis is rejected if the observed data are significantly unlikely to have occurred if the null hypothesis were true. In this case the null hypothesis...

null hypotheses. Suppose we have a number m of null hypotheses, denoted by: H1, H2, ..., Hm. Using a statistical test, we reject the null hypothesis if...