Observational error (or measurement error) is the difference between a measured value of a quantity and its unknown true value. Such errors are inherent...

sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a...

the measure varies. The term margin of error is often used in non-survey contexts to indicate observational error in reporting measured quantities. Consider...

presence Naturalistic observation Observation unit Observational astronomy Observational error Observational learning Observational study Observable quantity...

Accuracy and precision are two measures of observational error. Accuracy is how close a given set of measurements (observations or readings) are to their...

conclusions from data that are subject to random variation (e.g., observational errors, sampling variation). Descriptive statistics are most often concerned...

In natural science and signal processing, an artifact or artefact is any error in the perception or representation of any information introduced by the...

considers only observational errors in the dependent variable (but the alternative total least squares regression can account for errors in both variables)...

common error). Independence of observational error from potential confounding effects. Exact or approximate normality of observations (or errors). Linearity...

In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error, or a false positive, is the rejection of the null hypothesis when it is actually true. For example...

be of various kinds: Sampling from a finite population Measuring observational error and refining procedures Studying statistical relations Statistical...

in a trait are characterized as environmental factors, including observational error. In human studies of heritability these are often apportioned into...

least squares is a type of errors-in-variables regression, a least squares data modeling technique in which observational errors on both dependent and independent...

aspects of the set of measurements for an individual or subpopulation. Observation error Sample point Blalock, Hubert M. Jr. (1972). Social Statistics. New...

such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent...

Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes...

testing. The experimental control is a technique for dealing with observational error. This technique uses the contrast between multiple samples, or observations...

continually learn desirable and undesirable behavior through observational learning. Observational learning suggests that an individual's environment, cognition...

complex phenomena; for example, scientists generally assume that the observational error in most experiments follows a normal distribution. The Gaussian function...

in 1887. The detected motion was found to always be nil (within observational error). Modern experiments indicate that the two-way speed of light is...

ensemble mean). The 'observation error covariance matrix' is constructed to represent the magnitude of combined observational errors (on the diagonal) and...

morbidity came from observational studies employing regression analysis. In order to reduce spurious correlations when analyzing observational data, researchers...

the result in the form of upper and lower bounds to account for observational error. Ptolemy, quoting Hipparchus, also references Archimedes' solstice...

Measurement systems analysis Measurement uncertainty Metrication Observational error Replication (statistics) Sampling (statistics) Specification (technical...

A false positive is an error in binary classification in which a test result incorrectly indicates the presence of a condition (such as a disease when...

is stable, and that the variation between measurements is due to observational error. A system of a large number of particles is characterized by the...

standard errors (or simply robust standard errors), Eicker–Huber–White standard errors (also Huber–White standard errors or White standard errors), to recognize...

The standard error (SE) of a statistic (usually an estimate of a parameter) is the standard deviation of its sampling distribution or an estimate of that...

had isolated observational errors resulting from reaction times (the "personal equation") and had developed methods of reducing the errors. The experimental...

Trial and error is a fundamental method of problem-solving characterized by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the...