symbols, see Help:IPA. Scholars have attempted to reconstruct the phonology of Old Chinese from documentary evidence. Although the writing system does not...

transcription delimiters. Historical Chinese phonology deals with reconstructing the sounds of Chinese from the past. As Chinese is written with logographic characters...

Chinese phonology is covered by the following articles: Concerning modern Chinese: Standard Chinese phonology Cantonese phonology For the phonology of...

Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese...

important information for the reconstruction of the preceding system of Old Chinese phonology (early 1st millennium BC). The fanqie method used to indicate pronunciation...

reference point for his reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. The centre of the study of Chinese historical phonology is the Qieyun, a rime dictionary created...

used elsewhere. Several authors have produced reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, beginning with the Swedish sinologist Bernhard Karlgren in the...

Classical Chinese is the language in which the classics of Chinese literature were written, from c. the 5th century BCE. For millennia thereafter, the...

§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. Old English phonology is necessarily somewhat speculative since Old English is preserved only as a written language...

and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin...

Scholars have attempted to reconstruct the phonology of Old Chinese by comparing later varieties of Chinese with the rhyming practice of the Classic of...

phonology of Middle and Old Chinese from clues present in characters is a field of historical linguistics. In Chinese, historical Chinese phonology is...

[Old Chinese Phonology] (in Chinese), Shanghai Educational Publishing House, 2003, ISBN 978-7-532-09244-4 [ʈʂə̂ŋ ʈʂáŋ ʂâŋ fáŋ]; simplified Chinese: 郑张尚芳;...

Cultures. Baxter's A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology is the standard reference for the reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. Together with Laurent Sagart...

Eastern Han Chinese (alternatively Later Han Chinese or Late Old Chinese) is the stage of the Chinese language attested in poetry and glosses from the...

Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0521369183. Baxter, William H. (1992), A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-012324-1...

language in modern Chinese. Since the Qing dynasty, its rhyme patterns have also been analysed in the study of Old Chinese phonology. Early references...

In Middle Chinese, the phonological system of medieval rime dictionaries and rime tables, the final is the rest of the syllable after the initial consonant...

of the spoken Chinese language dates back approximately 4500 years, while examples of the writing system that would become written Chinese are attested...

Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese and Early Mandarin, Vancouver: UBC Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-0366-3. ——— (1999), "Chinese traditional phonology", Asia...

(1988). Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-521-22809-1. Baxter, William H. (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology (Trends...

traditional Chinese and in Western linguistics. They correspond to the phonology of Middle Chinese, and are named even or level (平 píng), rising (上 shǎng), departing...

(simplified Chinese: 扬子鳄; traditional Chinese: 揚子鱷; pinyin: yángzǐ'è), China alligator, or historically the muddy dragon, is a crocodilian endemic to China. It...

at least 10 Chinese characters to transcribe Japanese to, but 臺 is not one of them. In historical Chinese phonology, the Modern Chinese pronunciations...

Spurious languages Baxter, William Hubbard (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 24. ISBN 9783110123241. Fortson, Benjamin...

Unification of China, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-1037-0. (only 王; 'king' is known), Baxter, William H. (1992), A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology, Berlin:...

assimilation. Old Chinese probably had some constraint governing the shape of disyllables. According to modern reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, type...

"Old Chinese type A/type B in areal perspective: Recent Advances in Old Chinese Phonology beyond Boundaries", a talk given at Recent Advances in Old Chinese...

Old Chinese phonology from rhymes in the (11th–7th centuries BCE) Shijing and phonological components of Chinese characters. Reconstructions of Old Chinese...

composed of ⟨人⟩ 'person' and ⟨木⟩ 'tree'. As the understanding of Old Chinese phonology developed during the second half of the 20th century, many researchers...