Operation Birke (Operation Birch) was a German operation late in World War II in Finnish Lapland to protect access to nickel. Finnish attempts to find...

Finnish Lapland (Operation Birke). During the operation, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht gave an order to move from Operation Birke to Operation Nordlicht on...

withdrawal to Nazi-occupied Norway, as part of Operation Birke (Birch). Despite a failed offensive landing operation by Germany in the Gulf of Finland, the evacuation...

prepare for Operation Tanne Ost. While the confiscation order was rescinded in order to facilitate the material transport related to Operation Birke, as Finnish...

called Operation Birke, the decision was made by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht to withdraw completely from northern Norway and Finland in Operation Nordlicht...

called Operation Birke, the decision was made by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht to withdraw completely from northern Norway and Finland in Operation Nordlicht...

northern Finland had remained fairly good. As per earlier planned Operation Birke Germans had been evacuating material and troops to safer positions...

Division staff then received word of the 20th Mountain Army's plans for Operation Birke, the evacuation of all troops from Finland into Norway. The Nord Division...

to southern Norway and from there to northern Finland. It took part in Operation Barbarossa in mid-1941. It was part of the German AOK Norwegen (Army Norway)...

It included: Operation Birke (birch) was a German operation late in World War II in Finnish Lapland to protect access to nickel. Operation Nordlicht (northern...

offensive to liberate southern Malaya and Singapore following Operation Zipper. Birke ("Birch") (1944) – German plan to withdraw from northern Finland...

gradual withdrawal to northernmost Finland in early September 1944 in Operation Birke. As the value of Petsamo region had decreased, the Germans decided...

Bienenhaus 1944 - Axis anti-partisan operation in the Moslavina Mountains in the Independent State of Croatia Operation Birke 1944 - German plan to withdraw...

Operation Benedict (29 July – 6 December 1941) was the establishment of Force Benedict with units of the Soviet Air Forces (VVS, Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily)...

Operation Silver Fox (German: Silberfuchs; Finnish: Hopeakettu) from 29 June to 17 November 1941, was a joint German–Finnish military operation during...

Operation Haudegen (Unternehmen Haudegen [Operation Broadsword]) was the name of a German operation during the Second World War to establish meteorological...

Operation Zitronella, also known as Unternehmen Sizilien (Operation Sicily), was an eight-hour German raid on Spitzbergen, in the Svalbard Archipelago...

Operation Fritham (30 April – 14 May 1942) was an Allied military operation during the Second World War to secure the coal mines on Spitsbergen, the main...

Operation EF (1941), also the Raid on Kirkenes and Petsamo took place on 30 July 1941, during the Second World War. After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa...

Operation Rentier ('Reindeer') was a German operation during World War II intended to secure the nickel mines around Petsamo in Finland, against a Soviet...

as Oberbefehlshaber West, replacing Walter Model. The Germans began Operation Birke to protect access to nickel in Finnish Lapland. Prime Minister Muraviev...

Operation Arctic Fox (German: Unternehmen Polarfuchs; Finnish: operaatio Napakettu; Russian: Кандалакшская операция)[a] was the codename given to a World...

of five partisans. In Finnish Lapland the Germans moved from Operation Birke to Operation Nordlicht, an organized retreat using scorched earth tactics...

Murmansk. It was part of a larger operation, called Operation Silver Fox (Silberfuchs; Hopeakettu). At the beginning of Operation Barbarossa German units of...

Operation Gauntlet was an Allied Combined Operation from 25 August until 3 September 1941, during the Second World War. Canadian, British and the Norwegian...

is a list of military operations conducted in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Greenland during World War II. Birke ("Birch") (1944) — German...

Operation Gearbox (30 June – 17 September 1942) was a joint Norwegian and British operation to occupy the Arctic island of Spitsbergen during the Second...

went into effect, and on the 6th the German forces in Finland began Operation Birke, with the goal of a withdrawal into Norway, although the Germans were...

Operation Gearbox II (17 September 1942 – 7 September 1943) was a Norwegian and British operation during the Second World War on the Arctic island of...

went into effect, and on the 6th the German forces in Finland began Operation Birke, with the goal of a withdrawal into Norway, although the Germans were...