Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages...

called a polyphyly /ˈpɒlɪˌfaɪli/. It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved...

that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A paraphyletic grouping...

Alivon, E.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Vacelet, J.; Le-Parco, Y. (2001). "Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 171–179...

analysis of mitochondrial protein coding genes confirms the reciprocal paraphyly of Hexapoda and Crustacea". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (Suppl 2): S8...

Malte; Kück, Patrick; Herlyn, Holger; Hankeln, Thomas (2014). "Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia"...

Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. (January 1, 2007). "Poriferan paraphyly and its implications for Precambrian palaeobiology" (PDF). Geological...

taxon to the daughter taxon and have the disadvantage of involving the paraphyly of the parental group. This type of diagram is no longer used in the form...

fungal phyla, consisting of four major clades with suggestive evidence for paraphyly or possibly polyphyly. The Blastocladiomycota were previously considered...

mitochondrial genome of the house centipede Scutigera and the monophyly versus paraphyly of myriapods". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (4): 770–780. doi:10...

PMID 21041649. Although I was among the early supporters of vertebrate paraphyly, I am impressed by the evidence provided by Heimberg et al. and prepared...

with some more related to vertebrates than other invertebrates (see Paraphyly). For many centuries, invertebrates were neglected by biologists, in favor...

Vacelet, J.; Le Parco, Y. (2001-01-08). "Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa: Sponge paraphyly". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 171–179...

of red foxes. Such a nesting of one species within another is called paraphyly. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain this, including (1)...

nomenclature Biological classification Cladistics Crown group Grade Monophyly Paraphyly Phylogenetic network Phylogenetic nomenclature Phylogenetics Polyphyly...

Sometimes, systematists propose novel circumscriptions that do not address paraphyly. For example, the broadly circumscribed monophyletic moth superfamily...

Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385 Stuessy, Tod F. (2010), "Paraphyly and the origin and classification of angiosperms." (PDF), Taxon, 59 (3):...

WI; Marzluff JM; Fleischer RC (2000). "Cryptic genetic variation and paraphyly in ravens". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 267 (1461): 2475–2482...

Miller, Jill S. (2005). "Relationships within tribe Lycieae (Solanaceae): Paraphyly of Lycium and multiple origins of gender dimorphism". American Journal...

which is now part of infrakingdom Excavata. Because Cavalier-Smith allows paraphyly, the diagram below is an 'organization chart', not an 'ancestor chart'...

Symplesiomorphy Derived Apomorphy Synapomorphy Autapomorphy Group types Monophyly Paraphyly Polyphyly Nomenclature Phylogenetic nomenclature Crown group Sister group...

some or all of Hippocastanaceae and Aceraceae, however this resulted in paraphyly. The former Ptaeroxylaceae, now placed in Rutaceae, were sometimes placed...

phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics...

Sabrina; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Hausdorf, Bernhard (2014). "Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia"...

; de Jong, W. W.; Stanhope, M. J.; Springer, M. S. (2002). "Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid...

large molecular analysis by Zonneveld (2008) sought to reduce some of the paraphyly identified by Graham and Barrett. This led to a revision of the sectional...

distinction between apes and monkeys is complicated by the traditional paraphyly of monkeys: Apes emerged as a sister group of Old World Monkeys in the...

Species. Retrieved 2018-12-20. Randall, Z.S. & Page, L.M. (2015): On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus...

The orders in bold text are birds of prey orders; this is to show the paraphyly of the group as well as their relationships to other birds. A recent phylogenomic...

phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)". Molecular...