The penal system in China is composed of an administrative detention system and a judicial incarceration system. As of 2020, it is estimated that 1.7...

The penal system of Japan (including prisons) is part of the criminal justice system of Japan. It is intended to resocialize, reform, rehabilitate and...

authority beyond what is granted to them by the NPC under a system of unified power. The Chinese Communist Party's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission...

According to an Al Jazeera special report on slavery, China has the largest penal labour system in the world today. Often these prisoners are used to produce...

laogai penal system. Institutions similar to re-education through labor facilities, but called "new life schools" or "loafers' camps", existed in the early...

since pursuing redress through the legal system is too expensive for rural Chinese, petitioning in modern China has become the only channel for seeking...

five principal punishments stipulated in Article 33 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. In the Criminal Law, there are 87 penalties...

(simplified Chinese: 五七干校; traditional Chinese: 五七幹校) were a system of rural communes in China established during the Cultural Revolution to train Chinese Communist...

A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location...

first museum in the United States to directly address the issue of human rights in China. It is now permanently closed. The Chinese penal system includes...

5 million and 4 million people in prison in mainland China. The PRC does not allow outsiders to inspect its penal system. Although the 1982 constitution guarantees...

the Anti-Rightist Movement and the Cultural Revolution, the judicial system of China was often used for political persecution of rivals, and penalties such...

located in Washington, D.C, United States. The foundation's mission is to "gather information on and raise public awareness of the Laogai—China's extensive...

Laogai (Chinese: 劳改), short for laodong gaizao (劳动改造), which means reform through labor, is a criminal justice system involving the use of penal labor and...

relationships in Chinese culture) Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China Naked official Law enforcement in the People's Republic of China Penal system...

A penal military unit, also known as a penal formation, disciplinary unit, or just penal unit (usually named for their formation and size, such as penal...

Human rights in China Penal system in China Laogai Xinjiang re-education camps Notable prisons: Qincheng Prison Tilanqiao Prison Penal system of Japan Malaysian...

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the world's second-most...

detention (Simplified Chinese: 软禁, Traditional Chinese: 軟禁, Pinyin: ruǎnjìn) is a form of house arrest used in the People's Republic of China to control political...

scholars, both Chinese and Western, the mistaken impression that Imperial China did not have a system of civil law. The centrepiece of the penal law is the...

Penal colonies were also founded in what is now the states of Queensland, Tasmania, and Western Australia. Two penal colonies were briefly founded in...

Although the Five Punishments were an important part of Dynastic China's penal system they were not the only methods of punishment used. The earliest users...

province of the People's Republic of China. Penal system in China "Laogai Handbook 2007-2008" (PDF) (in Chinese and English). Washington, D.C.: Laogai...

civil law, socialist law, and traditional Chinese approaches. For most of the history of China, its legal system has been based on the Confucian philosophy...

A criminal code (or penal code) is a document that compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law. Typically a criminal...

Ideological debate over democracy in China has existed in Chinese politics since the 19th century. Chinese scholars, thinkers, and policy-makers have debated...

The penal system of Hong Kong, with its colonial tradition, is responsible for carrying out criminal penalties and the supervision and rehabilitation of...

resulted in significant inconsistencies in the earlier estimates. Archival studies revealed several components of the NKVD penal system in the Stalinist...

"reform through labor" in English Mass surveillance in China Overseas censorship of Chinese issues Pan-Turkism Penal system in China Persecution of Muslims...

Public Security of the People's Republic of China. Laogai handbook China portal Law portal Penal system in China MOJ Yancheng Prison 40°14′29″N 116°23′00″E...