typically true of its sister clade, Deuterostomia. Well known examples of protostomes are arthropods, molluscs, annelids, flatworms and nematodes. They are...

distinguishing characteristic, but deuterostomy has since been discovered among protostomes as well. This group is also known as enterocoelomates, because their...

basis for separating bilaterian animals into two natural groupings: the protostomes and deuterostomes. In animals at least as complex as an earthworm, a...

the mouth in protostomes, and the anus in deuterostomes. Many taxonomists now recognize at least two more superphyla among the protostomes, Ecdysozoa (molting...

Lophotrochozoa (/ləˌfɒtroʊkoʊˈzoʊə/, "crest/wheel animals") is a clade of protostome animals within the Spiralia. The taxon was established as a monophyletic...

to the type of body cavity they possess, such as pseudocoelomates and protostome coelomates. In amniotes and some invertebrates, the coelom is the large...

symmetric body plan. The vast majority belong to two large superphyla: the protostomes, which includes organisms such as the arthropods, molluscs, flatworms...

The Spiralia are a morphologically diverse clade of protostome animals, including within their number the molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and other...

to this view, most researchers now regard phoronids as members of the protostome super-phylum Lophotrochozoa. Although analysts using molecular phylogeny...

555 million-year-old Kimberella was a member of the protostomes. If so, this means the protostome and deuterostome lineages must have split some time...

always placed brachiopods as protostomes while another type has split between placing brachiopods among the protostomes or the deuterostomes. It was suggested...

between protostomes and deuterostomes is based on the direction in which the mouth (stoma) develops in relation to the blastopore. Protostome derives...

strictly related to and possibly belonging to Gnathifera, a clade of protostomes that do not belong to either Ecdysozoa or Lophotrochozoa. Chaetognaths...

appears to have happened at least twice, following different paths in protostomes and deuterostomes. This accompanied or facilitated other important evolutionary...

presence of a central nervous system. An alternative to the traditional protostome-deuterostome dichotomy, it has found weak support in several studies....

Ecdysozoa (/ˌɛkdɪsoʊˈzoʊə/) is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata (including arachnids), crustaceans, and myriapods)...

tube of an embryo forms as a blind pouch called the archenteron. In protostomes, the coelom forms by a process known as schizocoely. The archenteron...

lophophore. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that lophophorates are protostomes, but on morphological grounds they have been assessed as deuterostomes...

in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes. In the first multicellular animals, there was probably...

Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks (/ˈmɒləsks/). Around 76,000 extant...

Protostomes Relationships of Ecdysozoa to each other and to annelids, etc.,[failed verification] including euthycarcinoids...

Tactopoda or Arthropodoidea is a proposed clade of protostome animals that includes the phyla Tardigrada and Euarthropoda, supported by various morphological...

called protostomes develop through schizocoely for which they are also known as schizocoelomates. Schizocoelous development often occurs in protostomes, as...

heart. Whereas this arrangement is retained in arthropods and other protostomes, in chordate deuterostomes, the nerve cord is located dorsally and the...

for this reason are also known as enterocoelomates. By contrast, in protostomes, the body cavity is often formed by schizocoely. Enterocoelous development...

Look up seta in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In biology, setae /ˈsiːtiː/ (sg.: seta /ˈsiːtə/; from the Latin word for "bristle") are any of a number...

can be found in species earlier than vertebrates; most recently in the protostome horseshoe crab species, putting the origins of the system back further...

understanding of the Cambrian explosion; if it was a mollusc, or at least a protostome, this would mean that the two dominant Nephrozoan lineages would have...

species of this superphylum, it has since been determined to belong to a protostome group called the ecdysozoans. Fossils of the species were first discovered...

develops into the digestive tube, with the blastopore developing into either the mouth (in protostomes) or the anus (in deuterostomes). Diagram v t e...