• Thumbnail for Transforming growth factor beta
    (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily that includes three different mammalian isoforms (TGF-β 1...
    72 KB (8,680 words) - 21:20, 6 April 2024
  • transforming growth factor receptor 3 (TGFBR3) is the most abundant of the TGF-β receptors yet, it has no known signaling domain. It however may serve to...
    20 KB (2,098 words) - 00:36, 28 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Alveolar macrophage
    activation of TGF-β by binding to TGF-β1 LAP, which serves as a ligand binding site for the integrin, and is an essential component of the TGF-β activation...
    33 KB (3,833 words) - 06:29, 8 November 2023
  • affinity for TGFβ2. TGFβR3 (β-glycan) has a high affinity for both homodimeric TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 and in addition the heterodimer TGF-β1.2. The TGFβ receptors...
    4 KB (334 words) - 01:11, 14 December 2022
  • Thumbnail for Upstream and downstream (transduction)
    type II and type I kinase receptors binding to the TGF-β ligands. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a superfamily of cytokines that play a significant...
    7 KB (826 words) - 05:06, 28 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for Paracrine signaling
    fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates...
    46 KB (4,940 words) - 22:55, 3 December 2023
  • primarily located in the cytoplasm, but accumulate in the nucleus following TGF-β signaling, where they can bind to DNA and regulate transcription. However...
    35 KB (4,581 words) - 08:50, 23 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Fibrillin-1
    fibrillin-1 results in elevated TGF-β levels that directly correlate to MFS. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a paracrine regulatory protein...
    29 KB (3,707 words) - 23:15, 8 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for TGF beta 1
    proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In humans, TGF-β1 is encoded by the TGFB1 gene. TGF-β is a multifunctional set of peptides that controls proliferation...
    19 KB (2,290 words) - 20:43, 26 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
    factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines, which regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Based on its essential role in TGF beta signaling...
    33 KB (4,177 words) - 03:37, 6 May 2024
  • Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a potent cell regulatory polypeptide homodimer of 25kD. It is a multifunctional signaling molecule with more...
    20 KB (2,412 words) - 15:51, 5 October 2022
  • Thumbnail for Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
    factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally...
    7 KB (595 words) - 14:53, 18 November 2022
  • Thumbnail for TGF beta receptor 1
    gene forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-β receptors when bound to TGF-β, transducing the TGF-β signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm...
    14 KB (1,618 words) - 02:37, 2 April 2024
  • are involved in promoting metastatic events. Several signaling pathways (TGF-β, FGF, EGF, HGF, Wnt/beta-catenin and Notch) and hypoxia may induce EMT....
    59 KB (6,831 words) - 04:21, 1 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Pulmonary fibrosis
    (IL-13), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and TNIK. TGF-β is a cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation...
    31 KB (3,171 words) - 20:13, 22 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Osteochondroprogenitor cell
    the proximal region. TGF-β is important for cell proliferation and differentiation during skeletogenesis. During this process, TGF-β can stimulate differentiation...
    14 KB (1,506 words) - 18:01, 3 November 2023
  • domain binds TGF-beta family ligands and its heparan sulfate chains bind bFGF. It acts as a reservoir of ligand for TGF-beta receptors. TGFβR3 (β-glycan) "Prosite...
    5 KB (468 words) - 03:56, 29 November 2023
  • secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Th3 have been described both in mice and human as CD4+FOXP3− regulatory...
    11 KB (1,235 words) - 01:34, 11 November 2023
  • growth factor, either of two classes of polypeptide growth factors (TGF-α and TGF-β) Terrestrial gamma-ray flash, a burst of gamma rays produced in the...
    912 bytes (164 words) - 03:45, 22 May 2023
  • Thumbnail for Death-associated protein 6
    Daxx interacts with the TGF-β type II receptor by binding of C-terminal domain of the protein. When the cell is treated with TGF-β, HIPK2, a nuclear kinase...
    11 KB (1,528 words) - 20:53, 21 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for Marfan syndrome
    Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in MFS. Fibrillin-1 directly binds a latent form of TGF-β, keeping it sequestered and unable...
    73 KB (6,826 words) - 12:29, 4 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for MECOM
    downstream signaling pathway of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). TGF-β, along with other TGF-β family ligands such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and...
    37 KB (4,864 words) - 12:57, 5 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
    preventing the inappropriate trafficking of the receptor into the nucleus. TGF-β cytokines are members of a signaling protein family that includes activin...
    52 KB (5,962 words) - 10:06, 3 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Transforming growth factor, beta 3
    which includes the TGF-β family, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), inhibins and activins. TGF-β3 is believed...
    15 KB (1,815 words) - 23:18, 18 August 2023
  • Thumbnail for Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4
    SMAD family of transcription factor proteins, which act as mediators of TGF-β signal transduction. The TGFβ family of cytokines regulates critical processes...
    29 KB (3,464 words) - 09:07, 10 March 2024
  • Research has found that the cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is essential for Treg cells to differentiate from naïve CD4+ cells and...
    80 KB (9,560 words) - 05:24, 25 March 2024
  • liver regeneration process is completed, TGF-β puts an end to the proliferation phase by inducing apoptosis. TGF-β is the most important anti-proliferative...
    22 KB (2,472 words) - 01:46, 10 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
    cytoplasm upon TGF-β stimulation. SMAD7 inhibits TGF-β signaling by preventing formation of Smad2/Smad4 complexes which initiate the TGF-β signaling. It...
    23 KB (2,851 words) - 04:18, 25 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for TGF alpha
    Collectively, all members of the EGF/TGF-α family share this structure. The protein, however, is not directly related to TGF-β. Limited success has resulted...
    16 KB (2,040 words) - 11:11, 4 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Tendon
    and the proliferation of tendon cells. The three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) are known to play a role in wound healing and scar formation...
    45 KB (5,121 words) - 23:41, 29 March 2024