The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature...

The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize...

law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions. A simple statement of the...

The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the four principal laws of thermodynamics. It provides an independent definition of temperature without reference...

the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics, which convey a quantitative...

very closely but not actually reached, as recognized in the third law of thermodynamics. It would be impossible to extract energy as heat from a body...

Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The two independent...

The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. The law distinguishes...

physics, black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons...

independent on the choice of δE. An important result, known as Nernst's theorem or the third law of thermodynamics, states that the entropy of a system at zero...

The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Owing...

of S at room temperature. The entropy of a pure crystalline structure can be 0 J⋅mol−1⋅K−1 only at 0 K, according to the third law of thermodynamics....

Newton's laws of motion are three laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws, which provide...

in the twentieth century and was used in the development of the third law of thermodynamics. The Nernst heat theorem says that as absolute zero is approached...

formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also...

transmission of information in telecommunication. Entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated...

Third law may refer to: Newton's third law of motion, one of Newton's laws of motion Third law of thermodynamics Kepler's Third law of planetary motion...

imperfections as T → 0. Max Planck's strong form of the third law of thermodynamics states the entropy of a perfect crystal vanishes at absolute zero. The...

of crystallographic defects. The hypothetical concept of a perfect crystal is important in the basic formulation of the third law of thermodynamics....

Vienna. The second law of thermodynamics describes how the entropy of an isolated system changes in time. The third law of thermodynamics is consistent with...

ground state and commutes with the Hamiltonian of the system. According to the third law of thermodynamics, a system at absolute zero temperature exists...

resource theory for thermodynamics on the nano and quantum scale. In 2017, Oppenheim and Lluis Masanes derived the third law of thermodynamics using quantum...

energy. The definition of entropy is central to the establishment of the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of isolated systems cannot...

A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics. 1593 – Galileo Galilei invents one of the first thermoscopes, also known as Galileo thermometer...

or production process. Thermodynamics is based on a fundamental set of postulates, that became the laws of thermodynamics. One of the fundamental thermodynamic...

to the third law of thermodynamics. In the above "ideal" development, there is a critical point, not at absolute zero, at which the argument of the logarithm...

In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol c) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in...

This kind of machine is impossible, since its existence would violate the first and/or second laws of thermodynamics. These laws of thermodynamics apply regardless...

parody of the laws of thermodynamics in terms of a person playing a game. The quote was first attributed to the poet Allen Ginsberg in a 1975 issue of the...

temperature of zero is of particular importance for the third law of thermodynamics. By convention, it is reported on the Kelvin scale of temperature...