turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs...

either of two types of flow may occur depending on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid: laminar flow or turbulent flow. Laminar flow occurs at lower velocities...

In fluid dynamics, the process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is known as laminar–turbulent transition. The main parameter characterizing transition...

tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow, while at high Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be turbulent. The turbulence results from differences in...

stationary with respect to a background flow, the flow is unsteady. Turbulent flows are unsteady by definition. A turbulent flow can, however, be statistically...

type of flow that exists: Laminar flow Transition between laminar and turbulent flow Fully turbulent flow in smooth conduits Fully turbulent flow in rough...

natural convection adjacent to a vertical plane, both for laminar and turbulent flow. k is the thermal conductivity of the fluid, L is the characteristic...

extended to turbulent flow by inferring an effective turbulent viscosity in the case of turbulent flow, even though the flow profile in turbulent flow is strictly...

{f}}}}}\right),{\text{turbulent flow}}} Various explicit approximations of the related Darcy friction factor have been developed for turbulent flow. Stuart W. Churchill...

characteristic of slug flow or laminar flow. A larger Nusselt number corresponds to more active convection, with turbulent flow typically in the 100–1000...

these turbulent flows. The equations governing turbulent flows can only be solved directly for simple cases of flow. For most real-life turbulent flows, CFD...

of Kolmogorov's 1941 result for the turbulent structure function. The pressure fluctuations in a turbulent flow may be similarly characterized. The mean-square...

ball is moving in the air without spin, allowing drag, lift, and turbulent air flow to have a big effect on its movement. When done correctly, the float...

three broad regimes of fluid flow encountered in these data: laminar, critical, and turbulent. For laminar (smooth) flows, it is a consequence of Poiseuille's...

boundary layer flow: laminar and turbulent. Laminar boundary layer flow The laminar boundary is a very smooth flow, while the turbulent boundary layer...

This turbulent boundary layer thickness formula assumes 1) the flow is turbulent right from the start of the boundary layer and 2) the turbulent boundary...

is the mean kinetic energy per unit mass associated with eddies in turbulent flow. Physically, the turbulence kinetic energy is characterized by measured...

swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing...

will be laminar or turbulent can be made by calculating the Reynolds number of the local flow conditions. Separation occurs in flow that is slowing down...

Churn turbulent flow is a two-phase gas/liquid flow regime characterized by a highly-agitated flow where gas bubbles are sufficient in numbers to both...

10^{a}\operatorname {Re} ^{-0.193}} where: fT{\displaystyle f_{\text{T}}} is the turbulent flow friction factor (SI units: dimensionless) a=−1.47[1+0.146e−2.9×10−5He]{\displaystyle...

pipe. But in the case of turbulent flow, L h , t u r b u l e n t = 1.359 D ( R e D ) 1 / 4 . {\displaystyle L_{h,turbulent}=1.359D(Re_{D})^{1/4}.} Thus...

equations for turbulent flow is extremely difficult, and due to the significantly different mixing-length scales that are involved in turbulent flow, the stable...

sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed...

along the flow direction, the flow becomes unstable and becomes turbulent. Turbulent flow has a fluctuating and irregular pattern of flow which is made...

required to maintain flow if it becomes turbulent. Whether flow is laminar or turbulent is complicated, however generally flow within a pipe will be...

accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is typically performed using experimental...

parabolic. For flows in pipes, if flow is turbulent then the laminar sublayer caused by the pipe wall is so thin that it is negligible. Plug flow will be achieved...

as the Tesla valve. Flow through pipes can roughly be divided into two: Laminar flow - see Hagen-Poiseuille flow Turbulent flow - see Moody diagram Mathematical...

laminar and turbulent flow patterns. Laminar flow occurs when air can flow smoothly, and exhibits a parabolic velocity profile; turbulent flow occurs when...