Almaty and Taldy-Kurgan, East Kazakhstan and Semipalatinsk and Kostanay, Turgay and Tselinograd, respectively. Changes in region names were often in line...

область, romanized: Karsskaya oblast [karskəjə ɐbɫəsʲtʲ] Turkish: Kars Oblastı [kaɾs obɫastɯ] Armenian: Կարսի մարզ, romanized: Karsi marz [kɑɹˈsi mɑɹz]...

ბათუმის ოლქი, romanized: batumis olki [b̥atʰumis olkʰi] Turkish: Batum Oblastı [batum obɫastɯ] Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars"...