Upper-atmospheric models are simulations of the Earth's atmosphere between 20 and 100 km (65,000 and 328,000 feet) that comprises the stratosphere, mesosphere...

methods. Atmospheric reanalysis Climate model Numerical weather prediction Upper-atmospheric models Static atmospheric model Chemistry transport model Gates...

Upper-atmospheric lightning and ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown...

Standard Atmosphere NASA GSFC Atmospheric Models overview Various models at NASA GSFC ModelWeb Earth Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Earth-GRAM 2010)...

responders. The atmospheric dispersion models are also known as atmospheric diffusion models, air dispersion models, air quality models, and air pollution...

ARPEGE-Climat) combine the two models. The first general circulation climate model that combined both oceanic and atmospheric processes was developed in the...

Aeronomy is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important. Atmospheric science has been extended to...

theoretical understanding of atmospheric chemistry, computer models (such as chemical transport models) are used. Numerical models solve the differential equations...

oceans). In order to model weather systems, atmospheric physicists employ elements of scattering theory, wave propagation models, cloud physics, statistical...

and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air composition, temperature, and atmospheric pressure vary with altitude. Within the atmosphere, air suitable for...

Numerical climate models (or climate system models) are mathematical models that can simulate the interactions of important drivers of climate. These...

biosphere model, is used to model the biosphere of Earth, and can be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) for modelling the entire...

Atmospheric entry (sometimes listed as Vimpact or Ventry) is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of...

Modern GCM models and observations are often enhanced by looking at past ancient climates. In a model where Venus is assumed to have an atmospheric mass similar...

species of plant life, and only the most basic population growth and death models, it should not be directly compared to Earth. This was stated very clearly...

development. Atmospheric thermodynamics forms a basis for cloud microphysics and convection parameterizations used in numerical weather models and is used...

Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape;...

Community Climate System Model (CCSM) is a coupled general circulation model (GCM) developed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with...

CanESM5 The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 CanRCM The Canadian Regional Climate Model National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Simulator HadCM3...

overlap with the Global Forecast System, NAVGEM and FIM models (among several other medium-range models) that the US government runs for operational forecast...

study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets. It is a branch of both atmospheric chemistry and...

Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation...

Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on...

An atmospheric river (AR) is a narrow corridor or filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume...

height atmospheric tides have much larger amplitudes in the middle and upper atmosphere than they do at ground level. The largest amplitude atmospheric tides...

coupling the two models the grids are aligned and the ocean coastline is forced to be aligned to the atmospheric grid. The atmospheric model is run for a...

Atmospheric convection is the result of a parcel-environment instability (temperature difference layer) in the atmosphere.[jargon] Different lapse rates...

June 2021). "NASA Satellites See Upper Atmosphere Cooling and Contracting Due to Climate Change". NASA. "Atmospheric Concentration of Greenhouse Gases"...

a new model, the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) atmospheric general circulation model at NASA Goddard. As the end of the first funding cycle for...

Atmospheric dispersion modeling Atmospheric electricity Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility (ARM) (in the U.S.) Atmospheric stratification...