The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals. The vertebral column...

structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according...

Cervical vertebrae, lateral view (shown in blue and yellow) Vertebral column Vertebral column X-ray of cervical vertebrae X-ray of cervical spine in flexion...

more vertical tail fin, used for a powerful propulsive stroke. The vertebral column, made of simplified disc-like vertebrae, continued into the lower lobe...

animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all...

The human skeleton of an adult usually consists of around 206 bones, depending on the counting of sternum (which may alternatively be included as the manubrium...

the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals. The center of the spinal cord is...

ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column. The axial skeleton together with the appendicular skeleton form the...

the rib cage and the pelvis. They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium...

abdominal muscles, at the front and to the sides, and by part of the vertebral column at the back. Lower ribs can also enclose ventral and lateral walls...

closed in a simple vertical or "orthal" up-and-down movement. The vertebral column of pterosaurs numbered between thirty-four and seventy vertebrae. The...

four actions: Lateral flexion of vertebral column, with ipsilateral contraction Extension of lumbar vertebral column, with bilateral contraction (based...

specimens preserving 38 to 42 cervical vertebrae. Of the rest of the vertebral column, there are a handful (four or five in the holotype specimen) of "pectoral"...

Dakotaraptor (meaning “thief from Dakota”) is a potentially chimaeric genus of maniraptoriform theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during...

lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal. A laminotomy is less invasive than conventional vertebral column surgery techniques...

vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans...

the amniotic egg. It falls off once the egg has been penetrated. The vertebral column is divided into five sections of vertebrae: The cervical vertebrae...

Vertebrates are a subphylum of chordates that have a vertebral column (backbone). The vertebral column provides the central support structure for an internal...

shape, and size of the bones of the foot, hip, knee, leg, and the vertebral column. These changes allowed for the upright gait to be overall more energy...

(cartilaginous fish) or bone (bony fish). The main skeletal element is the vertebral column, composed of articulating vertebrae which are lightweight yet strong...

atlanto-occipital joint allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column. The dens acts as a pivot that allows the atlas and attached head to...

portion of the serratus posterior muscle. It laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side. Iliocostalis muscle has a common origin from the...

axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and...

up to 103 t (114 short tons; 101 long tons). Extrapolating from a vertebral column and reconstructing a 3D model with dimensions based on all extant lamnid...

the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession...

pressed against thoracic wall and to retract the scapula toward the vertebral column. As the word rhomboid suggests, the rhomboid major is diamond-shaped...

Vertebral hemangiomas or haemangiomas (VHs) are a common vascular lesion found within the vertebral body of the thoracic and lumbar spine. These are predominantly...

umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord...

second vertebrae may fail to unite. The somites that give rise to the vertebral column begin to develop from head to tail along the length of the notochord...

Vertebral augmentation, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, refers to similar percutaneous spinal procedures in which bone cement is injected through...